Hydraulic head

Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum.^[1]^[2]

It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.

^ Mulley, Raymond (2004), Flow of Industrial Fluids: Theory and Equations, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0849327674, 410 pages. See pp. 43–44.
^ Chanson, Hubert (2004), Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction, Butterworth–Heinemann, ISBN 978-0750659789, 650 pages. See p. 22.

[Mulley_43_44-1] Mulley, Raymond (2004), Flow of Industrial Fluids: Theory and Equations, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0849327674, 410 pages. See pp. 43–44.

[Chanson_22-2] Chanson, Hubert (2004), Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction, Butterworth–Heinemann, ISBN 978-0750659789, 650 pages. See p. 22.

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