Hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen chloride
Skeletal formula of hydrogen chloride with a dimension	Space-filling model of hydrogen chloride with atom symbols
Names
	IUPAC name Hydrogen chloride
	Systematic IUPAC name Chlorane
	Other names Hydrochloric acid gas; Hydrochloric gas; Hydrochloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7647-01-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1098214
ChEBI	CHEBI:17883 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1231821 ;
ChemSpider	307 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.723
EC Number	231-595-7;
Gmelin Reference	322
KEGG	D02057 ;
MeSH	Hydrochloric+acid
PubChem CID	313;
RTECS number	MW4025000;
UNII	QTT17582CB ;
UN number	1050
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2020711 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/HCl/h1H Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/HCl/h1H Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYAT;
	SMILES Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	HCl
Molar mass	36.46 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	pungent; sharp and burning
Density	1.49 g/L
Melting point	−114.22 °C (−173.60 °F; 158.93 K)
Boiling point	−85.05 °C (−121.09 °F; 188.10 K)
Solubility in water	823 g/L (0 °C) ; 720 g/L (20 °C) ; 561 g/L (60 °C)
Solubility	soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether and water
Vapor pressure	4352 kPa (at 21.1 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	−3.0; −5.9 (±0.4)
Basicity (pKb)	17.0
Conjugate acid	Chloronium
Conjugate base	Chloride
Refractive index (nD)	1.0004456 (gas) ; 1.254 (liquid)
Viscosity	0.311 cP (−100 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape	linear
Dipole moment	1.05 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	0.7981 J/(K·g)
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	186.902 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−92.31 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−95.31 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO)
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Toxic, corrosive
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H280, H314, H331
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, P410+P403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 1 COR
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	238 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	3124 ppm (rat, 1 h); 1108 ppm (mouse, 1 h)
LCLo (lowest published)	1300 ppm (human, 30 min); 4416 ppm (rabbit, 30 min); 4416 ppm (guinea pig, 30 min); 3000 ppm (human, 5 min)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	C 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	C 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	50 ppm
Safety data sheet (SDS)	JT Baker MSDS
Related compounds
Related compounds	Hydrogen fluoride; Hydrogen bromide; Hydrogen iodide; Hydrogen astatide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.

^ "hydrogen chloride (CHEBI:17883)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
^ Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H., eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131. ISBN 9781849733069.
^ Haynes, William M. (2010). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (91 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. p. 4–67. ISBN 978-1-43982077-3.
^ Hydrogen Chloride. Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide
^ Tipping, E.(2002) [1]. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
^ Trummal, A.; Lipping, L.; Kaljurand, I.; Koppel, I. A.; Leito, I. "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide" J. Phys. Chem. A. 2016, 120, 3663-3669. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0332". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b "Hydrogen chloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[1] "hydrogen chloride (CHEBI:17883)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.

[2] Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H., eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131. ISBN 9781849733069.

[3] Haynes, William M. (2010). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (91 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. p. 4–67. ISBN 978-1-43982077-3.

[4] Hydrogen Chloride. Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide

[5] Tipping, E.(2002) [1]. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

[6] Trummal, A.; Lipping, L.; Kaljurand, I.; Koppel, I. A.; Leito, I. "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide" J. Phys. Chem. A. 2016, 120, 3663-3669. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253

[PGCH-7] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0332". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[IDLH-8] "Hydrogen chloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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