Hydroidolina

Hydroidolina
	Siphonophorae from Ernst Haeckel's 1904 Kunstformen der Natur
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Hydrozoa
Subclass:	Hydroidolina; Marques & Collins, 2004
Orders
	See text.
Synonyms
	Hydroida; Hydroidae; Hydroidolinae Marques & Collins, 2004; Hydroidomedusa; Hydroidomedusae; Leptolida Haeckel, 1879; Leptolina Haeckel, 1879; Leptolinae Haeckel, 1879; Hydroidida;

Hydroidolina^[1] is a subclass of Hydrozoa and makes up 90% of the class.^[2] Controversy surrounds who the sister groups of Hydroidolina are, but research has shown that three orders remain consistent as direct relatives: Siphonophorae, Anthoathecata, and Leptothecata.^[3]

^ Kayal E, Bentlage B, Cartwright P, Yanagihara AA, Lindsay DJ, Hopcroft RR, Collins AG (November 2015). "Phylogenetic analysis of higher-level relationships within Hydroidolina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) using mitochondrial genome data and insight into their mitochondrial transcription". PeerJ. 3: e1403. doi:10.7717/peerj.1403. PMC 4655093. PMID 26618080.
^ Collins AG, Schuchert P, Marques AC, Jankowski T, Medina M, Schierwater B (February 2006). Collins T (ed.). "Medusozoan phylogeny and character evolution clarified by new large and small subunit rDNA data and an assessment of the utility of phylogenetic mixture models". Systematic Biology. 55 (1): 97–115. doi:10.1080/10635150500433615. PMID 16507527. S2CID 15523821.
^ Bentlage B, Collins AG (September 2021). "Tackling the phylogenetic conundrum of Hydroidolina (Cnidaria: Medusozoa: Hydrozoa) by assessing competing tree topologies with targeted high-throughput sequencing". PeerJ. 9: e12104. doi:10.7717/peerj.12104. PMC 8435201. PMID 34589302.

[:1-1] Kayal E, Bentlage B, Cartwright P, Yanagihara AA, Lindsay DJ, Hopcroft RR, Collins AG (November 2015). "Phylogenetic analysis of higher-level relationships within Hydroidolina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) using mitochondrial genome data and insight into their mitochondrial transcription". PeerJ. 3: e1403. doi:10.7717/peerj.1403. PMC 4655093. PMID 26618080.

[2] Collins AG, Schuchert P, Marques AC, Jankowski T, Medina M, Schierwater B (February 2006). Collins T (ed.). "Medusozoan phylogeny and character evolution clarified by new large and small subunit rDNA data and an assessment of the utility of phylogenetic mixture models". Systematic Biology. 55 (1): 97–115. doi:10.1080/10635150500433615. PMID 16507527. S2CID 15523821.

[3] Bentlage B, Collins AG (September 2021). "Tackling the phylogenetic conundrum of Hydroidolina (Cnidaria: Medusozoa: Hydrozoa) by assessing competing tree topologies with targeted high-throughput sequencing". PeerJ. 9: e12104. doi:10.7717/peerj.12104. PMC 8435201. PMID 34589302.

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