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ICESat-2

ICESat-2
Artist's impression of ICESat-2 in orbit
Mission typeRemote sensing
OperatorNASA
COSPAR ID2018-070A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.43613
Websiteicesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov
Mission durationPlanned: 3 years
Elapsed: 5 years, 10 months, 19 days
Spacecraft properties
BusLEOStar-3[1]
ManufacturerOrbital Sciences/Orbital ATK[1]
Launch mass1,514 kg (3,338 lb)[2]
Payload mass298 kg (657 lb)[3]
DimensionsAt launch: 2.5 × 1.9 × 3.8 m (8.2 × 6.2 × 12.5 ft)[2]
Power1200 W
Start of mission
Launch date15 September 2018, 13:02 (2018-09-15UTC13:02) UTC[4]
RocketDelta II 7420-10C[5][6]
Launch siteVandenberg SLC-2W[6]
ContractorUnited Launch Alliance
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Semi-major axis6,859.07 km (4,262.03 mi)
Eccentricity0.0002684
Perigee altitude479.10 km (297.70 mi)
Apogee altitude482.78 km (299.99 mi)
Inclination92.0002°
Period94.22 minutes
Velocity6.9 km/s (4.3 mi/s)[8]
Epoch8 March 2019, 15:04:15 UTC[7]

ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2), part of NASA's Earth Observing System, is a satellite mission for measuring ice sheet elevation and sea ice thickness, as well as land topography, vegetation characteristics, and clouds.[9] ICESat-2, a follow-on to the ICESat mission, was launched on 15 September 2018 onboard Delta II as the final flight from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California,[4] into a near-circular, near-polar orbit with an altitude of approximately 496 km (308 mi). It was designed to operate for three years and carry enough propellant for seven years.[10] The satellite orbits Earth at a speed of 6.9 kilometers per second (4.3 mi/s).[8]

The ICESat-2 mission is designed to provide elevation data needed to determine ice sheet mass balance as well as vegetation canopy information. It will provide topography measurements of cities, lakes and reservoirs, oceans and land surfaces around the globe, in addition to the polar-specific coverage. ICESat-2 also has the ability to detect seafloor topography up to 100 feet (30m) below the surface in clear watered coastal areas.[11] Because the great changes of polar ice cover in global warming are not quantified, one of the main purposes of ICESat-2 is measuring the changing of the elevation of ice sheets by its laser system and lidar to quantify the influence of melting ice sheet in sea-level raising. Additionally, the high accuracy of multiple pulses allows collecting measurement of the heights of sea ice to analyze its change rate during the time.[12]

The ICESat-2 spacecraft was built and tested by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems in Gilbert, Arizona,[13] while the on board instrument, ATLAS, was built and managed by Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The ATLAS instrument was designed and built by the center, and the bus was built by and integrated with the instrument by Orbital Sciences (later Orbital ATK).[14] The satellite was launched on a Delta II rocket provided by United Launch Alliance.[15] This was the last launch of the Delta II rocket.

  1. ^ a b Hill, Jeffrey (2 September 2011). "Orbital Sciences Grabs $135 Million NASA ICESat-2 Contract". Via Satellite. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b "IceSat-2: Measuring the Height of Earth's Ice from Space" (PDF). NASA. NP-2018-07-231-GSFC. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Instrument: ATLAS". Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (15 September 2018). "Early morning launch closes book on Delta 2 legacy spanning nearly 30 years". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Delta 2 to launch ICESat-2". United Launch Alliance. 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  6. ^ a b Graham, William (14 September 2018). "Delta II concludes amazing legacy with ICESat-2 launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  7. ^ "ICESat-2 - Orbit". Heavens-Above. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  8. ^ a b "How it Works". ICESat-2. NASA. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  9. ^ "ICESAT-2". NASA. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  10. ^ "ICESat-2" (PDF). Orbital ATK. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2016.
  11. ^ "First ICESat-2 Global Data Released: Ice, Forests and More | Icesat-2". icesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  12. ^ Abdalati, Waleed; Zwally, H. Jay; Bindschadler, Robert; Csatho, Bea; Farrell, Sinead Louise; Fricker, Helen Amanda; Harding, David; Kwok, Ronald; Lefsky, Michael; Markus, Thorsten; Marshak, Alexander (May 2010). "The ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry Mission". Proceedings of the IEEE. 98 (5): 735–751. doi:10.1109/jproc.2009.2034765. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 207020682.
  13. ^ "How it Works | Icesat-2". icesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  14. ^ Ramsayer, Kate (28 February 2018). "NASA Space Laser Completes 2,000-mile Road Trip". NASA. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  15. ^ "NASA Selects United Launch Alliance's Workhorse Delta II Rocket for ICESat-2 Mission". United Launch Alliance. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2016.

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