Equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.[1] The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form:
where
,
and
are the
pressure,
volume and
temperature respectively;
is the
amount of substance; and
is the
ideal gas constant.
It can also be derived from the microscopic
kinetic theory, as was achieved (apparently independently) by
August Krönig in 1856
[2] and
Rudolf Clausius in 1857.
[3]