Illegal opcode

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An illegal opcode, also called an unimplemented operation,^[1] unintended opcode^[2] or undocumented instruction, is an instruction to a CPU that is not mentioned in any official documentation released by the CPU's designer or manufacturer, which nevertheless has an effect. Illegal opcodes were common on older CPUs designed during the 1970s, such as the MOS Technology 6502, Intel 8086, and the Zilog Z80. Unlike modern processors, those older processors have a very limited transistor budget, and thus to save space their designers often omitted circuitry to detect invalid opcodes and generate a trap to an error handler. The operation of many of these opcodes happens as a side effect of the wiring of transistors in the CPU, and usually combines functions of the CPU that were not intended to be combined. On old and modern processors, there are also instructions intentionally included in the processor by the manufacturer, but that are not documented in any official specification.