Immunity passport

An immunity passport,^[1] immunity certificate,^[2] health pass or release certificate^[3] (among other names used by various local authorities) is a document, whether in paper or digital format, attesting that its bearer has a degree of immunity to a contagious disease.^[4] Public certification is an action that governments can take to mitigate an epidemic.^[5]

When it takes into account natural immunity or very recent negative test results, an immunity passport cannot be reduced to a vaccination record or vaccination certificate that proves someone has received certain vaccines verified by the medical records of the clinic where the vaccines were given.,^[6] such as the Carte Jaune ("yellow card") issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), which works as an official vaccination record.

The concept of immunity passports received much attention during the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential way to contain the pandemic and permit faster economic recovery.^[7] Reliable serological testing for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus is done to certify people as relatively immune to COVID-19 and issue immunity documentation.^[8]

^ Edmond C (19 June 2020). "COVID-19: What are immunity passports and how would they work?". World Economic Forum.
^ Smith-Spark L (3 April 2020). "Is this how to get out of lockdown?". Chicago Sun-Times.
^ "Explained: Are immunity passports, release certificates the way to go?". indianexpress.com. 10 May 2020.
^ ""Immunity passports" in the context of COVID-19". World Health Organization. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
^ Manjikian M (24 February 2016). Threat Talk: The Comparative Politics of Internet Addiction. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-317-01027-2.
^ "Locating and Tracking Adult Vaccine Records". www.cdc.gov. 17 March 2020.
^ Chotani RA, Ashraf SS, Mize C, Clark T (30 April 2020). "'Immunity passport' key to containing spread of coronavirus". UPI. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
^ Voo TC, Reis AA, Thomé B, Ho CW, Tam CC, Kelly-Cirino C, et al. (February 2021). "Immunity certification for COVID-19: ethical considerations". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 99 (2): 155–161. doi:10.2471/blt.20.280701. PMC 7856365. PMID 33551509.

[auto2-1] Edmond C (19 June 2020). "COVID-19: What are immunity passports and how would they work?". World Economic Forum.

[2] Smith-Spark L (3 April 2020). "Is this how to get out of lockdown?". Chicago Sun-Times.

[3] "Explained: Are immunity passports, release certificates the way to go?". indianexpress.com. 10 May 2020.

[who-4] ""Immunity passports" in the context of COVID-19". World Health Organization. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

[Manjikian2016-5] Manjikian M (24 February 2016). Threat Talk: The Comparative Politics of Internet Addiction. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-317-01027-2.

[auto-6] "Locating and Tracking Adult Vaccine Records". www.cdc.gov. 17 March 2020.

[7] Chotani RA, Ashraf SS, Mize C, Clark T (30 April 2020). "'Immunity passport' key to containing spread of coronavirus". UPI. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

[:10-8] Voo TC, Reis AA, Thomé B, Ho CW, Tam CC, Kelly-Cirino C, et al. (February 2021). "Immunity certification for COVID-19: ethical considerations". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 99 (2): 155–161. doi:10.2471/blt.20.280701. PMC 7856365. PMID 33551509.

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