Indigenous territory (Brazil)

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In Brazil, an indigenous territory or indigenous land (Portuguese: Terra Indígena [ˈtɛʁɐ ĩˈdʒiʒẽnɐ], TI) is an area inhabited and exclusively possessed by indigenous people. Article 231 of the Brazilian Constitution recognises the inalienable right of indigenous peoples to lands they "traditionally occupy"^{[n 1][1][2]} and automatically confers them permanent possession of these lands. In practice, however, a multi-stage demarcation process is required for a TI to gain full protection,^[2][3] and this has often entailed protracted legal battles.^[4][5][6] Even after demarcation, TIs are frequently subject to illegal invasions by settlers and mining and logging companies.^[2]

There are 724 proposed or approved indigenous territories in Brazil,^[7] covering about 13% of the country's land area.^[8] Critics of the system say that this is out of proportion with the number of indigenous people in Brazil, about 0.41% of the population;^[9] they argue that the amount of land reserved as TIs undermines the country's economic development and national security.^{[6][10][11][12]}

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