International Polar Year

The International Polar Years (IPY)^[1]^[2] are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.

^ Barr, Susan and Lüdecke, Cornelia (Eds.), 2010, The History of the International Polar Years (IPYs). Series: From Pole to Pole, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, XI, 319 pp. ISBN 978-3-642-12401-3, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12402-0
^ "IPY History". ipy.arcticportal.org. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

[1] Barr, Susan and Lüdecke, Cornelia (Eds.), 2010, The History of the International Polar Years (IPYs). Series: From Pole to Pole, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, XI, 319 pp. ISBN 978-3-642-12401-3, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12402-0

[2] "IPY History". ipy.arcticportal.org. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

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