Back جرم بين النجوم Arabic Mezihvězdný objekt Czech Interstellart objekt Danish Interstellares Objekt German Objeto interestelar Spanish Tähtedevaheline objekt Estonian Izarrarteko gorputz Basque جرم میان‌ستاره‌ای Persian Tähtienvälinen kappale Finnish Objet interstellaire French

Interstellar object

Not to be confused with Extrasolar object.
Interstellar objects passing through the Solar System
ʻOumuamua in 2017
ʻOumuamua
Comet 2I/Borisov at perihelion in December 2019
2I/Borisov

An interstellar object is an astronomical object in interstellar space that is not gravitationally bound to a star. Applicable objects include asteroids, comets, and rogue planets, but not a star or stellar remnant.

This term can also be applied to an object that is on an interstellar trajectory but is temporarily passing close to a star, such as certain asteroids and comets (that is, exoasteroids and exocomets[1][2]). In the latter case, the object may be called an interstellar interloper.[3]

The first interstellar objects discovered were rogue planets, planets ejected from their original stellar system (e.g., OTS 44 or Cha 110913−773444), though they are difficult to distinguish from sub-brown dwarfs, planet-mass objects that formed in interstellar space as stars do.

The first interstellar object which was discovered traveling through the Solar System was 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017. The second was 2I/Borisov in 2019. They both possess significant hyperbolic excess velocity, indicating they did not originate in the Solar System. The discovery of ʻOumuamua inspired the tentative identification of CNEOS 2014-01-08, also known as the Manus Island fireball, as an interstellar object that impacted the Earth by astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb in 2019.[4] This was supported by the U.S. Space Command in 2022 based on the object's velocity relative to the Sun,[5][6][7][8][9][10] In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.[11][12] however, NASA and Other astronomers doubt this,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and still other experts found Earth-related explanations for the purported meteorite impact instead.[19]

The interstellar objects were once bound to a host star and have become unbound since. Different processes can cause planets and smaller objects (planetesimals) to become unbound from their host star.[20]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Valtonen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Francis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Veras, Dimitri (13 April 2020). "Creating the first interstellar interloper". Nature Astronomy. 4 (9): 835–836. Bibcode:2020NatAs...4..835V. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1064-9. ISSN 2397-3366.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference ARX-20190604 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference TWR-20220406 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference VICE-20220407 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference INV-20220411 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference NASA-20220408 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference SA-20220412 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference NYT-20220415 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference UT-20230517 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference ARX-20230517 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Vaubaillon, J. (October 2022). "Hyperbolic meteors: is CNEOS 2014-01-08 interstellar?". WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization. 50 (5): 140–143. arXiv:2211.02305. Bibcode:2022JIMO...50..140V.
  14. ^ Brown, Peter G.; Borovička, Jiří (August 2023). "On the Proposed Interstellar Origin of the USG 20140108 Fireball". The Astrophysical Journal. 953 (2): 167. arXiv:2306.14267. Bibcode:2023ApJ...953..167B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace421.
  15. ^ Gallardo, Patricio A. (October 2023). "Anthropogenic Coal Ash as a Contaminant in a Micro-meteoritic Underwater Search". Research Notes of the AAS. 7 (10): 220. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..220G. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad03f9.
  16. ^ Desch, Steve; Jackson, Alan (November 2023). "Critique of arXiv submission 2308.15623, "Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide", by A. Loeb et al". arXiv:2311.07699 [astro-ph.EP].
  17. ^ Fernando, Benjamin; Mialle, Pierrick; et al. (March 2024). "Seismic and acoustic signals from the 2014 'Interstellar Meteor'". arXiv:2403.03966 [astro-ph.EP].
  18. ^ Desch, Steve (March 2024). "Be,La,U-rich spherules as microtektites of terrestrial laterites: What goes up must come down". arXiv:2403.05161 [astro-ph.EP].
  19. ^ Richtel, Matt (11 March 2024). "Surprise: An 'Extraterrestrial' Gadget Was Something More Familiar - In 2014 a fireball from outer space was posited to be an alien artifact. A recent study suggests otherwise". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  20. ^ The ‘Oumuamua ISSI Team; Bannister, Michele T.; Bhandare, Asmita; Dybczyński, Piotr A.; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie; Jedicke, Robert; Knight, Matthew M.; Meech, Karen J.; McNeill, Andrew; Pfalzner, Susanne; Raymond, Sean N.; Snodgrass, Colin; Trilling, David E.; Ye, Quanzhi (2019-07-01). "The natural history of 'Oumuamua". Nature Astronomy. 3 (7): 594–602. arXiv:1907.01910. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0816-x. ISSN 2397-3366.

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