Interstitial cystitis | |
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Other names | Bladder pain syndrome (BPS),[1] painful bladder syndrome (PBS), IC/BPS, IC/PBS, UCPPS[2] |
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Hunner's lesion seen in some interstitial cystitis patients by cystoscopy[3][4] | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Urology |
Symptoms | Chronic pain of the bladder, feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, pain with sex[1] |
Complications | Depression, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia[1][5] |
Usual onset | Middle age[1] |
Duration | Long term[1] |
Causes | Unknown[1] |
Diagnostic method | Based on the symptoms after ruling out other conditions[5] |
Differential diagnosis | Urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, sexually transmitted infections, endometriosis, bladder cancer, prostatitis[1][6] |
Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medications, procedures[1] |
Medication | Ibuprofen, pentosan polysulfate, amitriptyline[1] |
Frequency | 0.5% of people[1][5] |
Interstitial cystitis (IC), a type of bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is chronic pain in the bladder and pelvic floor of unknown cause.[1] It is the urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome of women.[2] Symptoms include feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, and pain with sex.[1] IC/BPS is associated with depression and lower quality of life.[5] Many of those affected also have irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia.[1]
The cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown.[1] While it can, it does not typically run in a family.[1] The diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms after ruling out other conditions.[5] Typically the urine culture is negative.[5] Ulceration or inflammation may be seen on cystoscopy.[5] Other conditions which can produce similar symptoms include overactive bladder, urinary tract infection (UTI), sexually transmitted infections, prostatitis, endometriosis in females, and bladder cancer.[1][6]
There is no cure for interstitial cystitis and management of this condition can be challenging.[1] Treatments that may improve symptoms include lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures.[1] Lifestyle changes may include stopping smoking and reducing stress.[1] Medications may include ibuprofen, pentosan polysulfate, or amitriptyline.[1] Procedures may include bladder distention, nerve stimulation, or surgery.[1] Kegel exercises and long term antibiotics are not recommended.[5]
In the United States and Europe, it is estimated that around 0.5% of people are affected.[1][5] Women are affected about five times as often as men.[1] Onset is typically in middle age.[1] The term "interstitial cystitis" first came into use in 1887.[7]
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