تومان (Persian) | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Denominations | |
Subunit | |
1⁄10,000 | Dinar (former) |
1⁄10 | Rial (old, unofficial toman) |
1⁄10,000 | Rial (new, official toman) |
Banknotes | |
Freq. used | 1,000; 2,000; 5,000; 10,000; 50,000; and 100,000 |
Coins | |
Freq. used | 1⁄5, 1⁄2, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 25 |
Demographics | |
User(s) | ![]() |
Issuance | |
Central bank | Iran |
The Iranian toman (Persian: تومان, romanized: tūmân, pronounced [tuː.mɒːn]; from Mongolian tümen "unit of ten thousand",[1][2][a] see the unit called tumen) is a superunit of the official currency of Iran, the rial. One toman is equivalent to 10 (old), or 10,000 (new, official) rials. [8]
Originally, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was also subdivided into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced, worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman. In 1932, the rial replaced the qiran at par, with one toman being equal to 10 rial.colloquially toman is more used that the Rial.
The unit of reckoning was the tūmān (from the Mongol tümen, i.e. 10,000), the equivalent of 10,000 dīnārs.
(...) of Transoxania (near modern Dushanbe), for 1,000 tomans (tūmān < Mong. toman "10,000," originally designating a value of 10,000 dinars) of copper coins (folūs) per year.
Lastly, I would like to add a comment on 'zh-mun' (thousand) in Middle Korean. This 'zh-mun' is quite similar to the word in Altai languages meaning 'ten thousand.' In Jurchen, 'ten thousand' was called 'tumen.' In 'Yongbi Och'onga' ("eulogy of the foundation of the Yi Dynasty") (1, 8), there is a footnote that ' ' ( tumen) of ' ' (the Tuman river of today) came from the Jurchen word meaning 'ten thousand.' In Manchu, ' ' (ten thousand) is also 'tumen'. These are a borrowing from the Mongolian word 'tumen' (ten thousand). 'Tumen' (ten thousand) was also in Old Turkic. This 'tumen' in these Altaic languages is certainly a borrowing from Tocharian (Clauson 1972). In Tocharian A, there is 'tman,' in Tocharian B 'tmane', 'tumane'.
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