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An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of waves which radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions.[1][2][3][4] It may be based on sound waves or electromagnetic waves, in which case it is also known as an isotropic antenna. It has no preferred direction of radiation, i.e., it radiates uniformly in all directions over a sphere centred on the source.
Isotropic radiators are used as reference radiators with which other sources are compared, for example in determining the gain of antennas. A coherent isotropic radiator of electromagnetic waves is theoretically impossible, but incoherent radiators can be built. An isotropic sound radiator is possible because sound is a longitudinal wave.
The term isotropic radiation means a radiation field which has the same intensity in all directions at each point; thus an isotropic radiator does not produce isotropic radiation.[5][6]
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