Ispahbads of Gilan

Realm of Sipahbad
Persian: مملکت سپهبد^[1]
Realm of Sipahbad Persian: مملکت سپهبد
?–15th century
	Map of the domains of the Ispahbads of Gilan
Status	Autonomous under suzerainty of Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasid Caliphate, Ilkhanate, Timurid Empire and Safavid Empire
Capital	Shandan; Astara; (from 14th century)
Government	Principality
Ispahbad
• 12th century	Kiyā Livāshīr
• 13th–14th century	Ahmad
• 14th–15th century	Hussein
• ?–1408/09	Shapur
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	?
• Disestablished	15th century
	Succeeded by
Safavid Talish
Today part of	Iran Azerbaijan

Ispahbads of Gīlān^[3]^[5] (Persian: اسپهبدان گیلان) or Esfahbad of Gīlān^[3] was a small principality in Iran.^[3] In the 14th century, Āstārā became the seat of the principality.^[3]

^ Minorsky 1954, p. 525: "Mamlakat-i Sipahbad"
^ Minorsky 1954, p. 525.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bazin 1987, p. 837.
^ ^a ^b Hariri 2006, p. 166.
^ Minorsky 1954, p. 524.

[1] Minorsky 1954, p. 525: "Mamlakat-i Sipahbad"

[FOOTNOTEMinorsky1954525-2] Minorsky 1954, p. 525.

[FOOTNOTEBazin1987837-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bazin 1987, p. 837.

[FOOTNOTEHariri2006166-4] Hariri 2006, p. 166.

[FOOTNOTEMinorsky1954524-5] Minorsky 1954, p. 524.

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