Itchen Navigation

Itchen Navigation
The disused Stoke lock, which now functions as a weir and sluice
Specifications
Locks	15 + 2 single gates
Status	Limited restoration
History
Original owner	Itchen Navigation Company
Date of act	1665
Date of first use	1710
Date closed	1869
Geography
Start point	Winchester
End point	Northam Quay

v t e Itchen Navigation
Legend
From source Wharf Mill College Street Bridge College Mill River Itchen Blackbridge Wharf 1 St Catherines mill and lock Hockley Railway Viaduct  M3  culvert Hockley Mill 2 Twyford Lane End lock Twyford Drain 3 Compton lock River Itchen Shawford Mill Shawford and Norris's bridge 4 Shawford single gates 5 Malm lock 6 College Mead lock Otterbourne Water Works intake Relief channel 7 Brambridge lock 8 Brambridge single gates 9 Allbrook lock  B3335  bridges South West Main Line 10 Withymead lock Barton River 11 Stoke lock 11 Shears Mill turbines  B3037  bridges 12 Conegar lock Eastleigh Eastleigh–Fareham line 13 Lock House lock 14 Decoy Pond lock 15 Sandy lock  M27  embankment 16 Mansbridge lock Gaters Mill  A27  Mans Bridge Woodmill Lane 17 Wood mill + Woodmill tide lock  A3035  Cobden Bridge West Coastway Line  A3024  Northam Bridge Northam Wharf  A3025  Itchen Bridge Southampton Water

The Itchen Navigation is a 10.4-mile (16.7 km) disused canal system in Hampshire, England, that provided an important trading route from Winchester to the sea at Southampton for about 150 years. Improvements to the River Itchen were authorised by act of parliament in 1665, but progress was slow, and the navigation was not declared complete until 1710. It was known as a navigation because it was essentially an improved river, with the main river channel being used for some sections, and cuts with locks used to bypass the difficult sections. Its waters are fed from the River Itchen. It provided an important method of moving goods, particularly agricultural produce and coal, between the two cities and the intervening villages.

On its completion it was capable of taking shallow barges of around 13 feet (4.0 m) in width and 70 feet (21 m) in length, but traffic was fairly modest. 18,310 tons of freight were carried in 1802, one of the better years, and there were never more than six boats in use on the waterway. Following the opening of the London and Southampton Railway in 1840, traffic declined sharply, and the navigation ceased to operate in 1869. There were various attempts to revitalise it, but none were successful. There had also been several proposals to link it to the Basingstoke Canal to form an inland route from London to Southampton during its life, which likewise did not come to fruition.

The revival of interest in inland waterways following the end of the Second World War has resulted in the tow path alongside the canal becoming part of the Itchen Way long-distance footpath, and is a popular route for walkers. The Itchen Navigation Preservation Society was formed in the 1970s, but progress was slow. A joint venture between the Environment Agency and the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust in 2005 led to the formation of the Itchen Navigation Trust, and two years later, they obtained a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, funding the creation of the Itchen Navigation Heritage Trail Project, which has sought to conserve and interpret the remains. The route provides habitat for a diverse flora and fauna, which has resulted in it being designated as a European Special Area of Conservation and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.