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J. Jayalalithaa | |
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![]() Jayalalithaa in 2015 | |
5th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu | |
In office 23 May 2015 – 5 December 2016 | |
Governor |
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Cabinet | |
Preceded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Succeeded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Constituency | Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar |
In office 16 May 2011 – 27 September 2014 | |
Governor | |
Cabinet | Jayalalithaa IV |
Preceded by | M. Karunanidhi |
Succeeded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Constituency | Srirangam |
In office 2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006 | |
Governor | |
Cabinet | Jayalalithaa III |
Preceded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Succeeded by | M. Karunanidhi |
Constituency | Andipatti |
In office 14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001 | |
Governor | |
Cabinet | Jayalalithaa II |
Preceded by | M. Karunanidhi |
Succeeded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Constituency | Did not contest |
In office 24 June 1991 – 12 May 1996 | |
Governor | |
Cabinet | Jayalalithaa I |
Preceded by | President's rule |
Succeeded by | M. Karunanidhi |
Constituency | Bargur |
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
In office 3 April 1984 – 28 January 1989 | |
Leader of the House | |
Preceded by | Sathiavani Muthu |
Succeeded by | Pasumpon Tha. Kiruttinan |
Constituency | Tamil Nadu |
9th Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly | |
In office 29 May 2006 – 14 May 2011 | |
Deputy | O. Panneerselvam |
Chief Minister | M. Karunanidhi |
Preceded by | O. Panneerselvam |
Succeeded by | Vijayakant |
Constituency | Andipatti |
In office 9 February 1989 – 1 December 1989 | |
Deputy | Su. Thirunavukkarasar |
Chief Minister | M. Karunanidhi |
Preceded by | O. Subramanian |
Succeeded by | S. R. Eradha |
Constituency | Bodinayakkanur |
Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly | |
In office 4 July 2015 – 5 December 2016 | |
Chief Minister | Herself |
Preceded by | P. Vetrivel |
Succeeded by | T. T. V. Dhinakaran |
Constituency | Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar |
In office 23 May 2011 – 27 September 2014 | |
Chief Minister | Herself |
Preceded by | M. Paranjothi |
Succeeded by | S. Valarmathi |
Constituency | Srirangam |
In office 24 February 2002 – 14 May 2011 | |
Chief Minister |
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Preceded by | Thanga Tamil Selvan |
Succeeded by | Thanga Tamil Selvan |
Constituency | Andipatti |
In office 1 July 1991 – 12 May 1996 | |
Chief Minister | Herself |
Preceded by | K. R. Rajendran |
Succeeded by | E. G. Sugavanam |
Constituency | Bargur |
In office 1 July 1991 – 23 July 1991 | |
Chief Minister | Herself |
Preceded by | P. Marapan |
Succeeded by | R. M. Veerappan |
Constituency | Kangayam |
In office 6 February 1989 – 30 January 1991 | |
Chief Minister | M. Karunanidhi |
Preceded by | K. S. M. Ramachandran |
Succeeded by | V. Panneerselvam |
Constituency | Bodinayakkanur |
5th General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | |
In office 1 January 1988[a] – 5 December 2016 | |
Preceded by | M. G. Ramachandran |
Succeeded by | Edappadi K. Palaniswami |
Propaganda Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | |
In office 5 September 1985 – 31 December 1987 | |
General Secretary | |
In office 28 January 1983 – 20 August 1984 | |
Party President | M. G. Ramachandran |
General Secretary | P. U. Shanmugam |
Preceded by | R. Manimaran |
Personal details | |
Born | Melukote, Mysore State, Dominion of India (present-day Karnataka, India) | 24 February 1948
Died | 5 December 2016 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | (aged 68)
Cause of death | Cardiac arrest |
Resting place | M.G.R. and Amma Memorial |
Political party | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
Relatives | Deepa Jayakumar (niece) |
Residence(s) | Veda Nilayam, 81, Poes Garden, Teynampet, Chennai – 600086, Tamil Nadu, India |
Alma mater | |
Profession |
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Awards |
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Signature | ![]() |
Nickname(s) | Amma Puratchi Thalaivi Kalai Selvi |
Makkalaal Naan Makkalukaagavae Naan ("I am by the people for the people") | |
Jayaram Jayalalithaa[b] (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and actress who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for more than fourteen years over six terms between 1991 and 2016. From 1 January 1988 to 5 December 2016, she was the 5th and longest-serving general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK),[4] a Dravidian party whose cadre revered her as their "Amma" (Mother) and "Puratchi Thalaivi" (Revolutionary leader).[5]
Jayalalithaa rose to prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had begun her acting career reluctantly at her mother's behest to support the family, Jayalalithaa was a prolific actor. She appeared in 140 films between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".[6]
Among her frequent co-stars was M. G. Ramachandran. In 1982, when M. G. Ramachandran was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's Parliament. After M.G.R.'s death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself as his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by M.G.R.'s widow, V. N. Janaki Ramachandran, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the 1989 election, she became Leader of the Opposition to the DMK-led government led by M. Karunanidhi, her bête noire.
In 1991, Jayalalithaa became chief minister for the first time and Tamil Nadu's youngest. She earned a reputation for centralising state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her council of ministers, whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son V. N. Sudhakaran (Sasikala's elder sister son) on 7 September 1995. In the 1996 election, the AIADMK was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new Karunanidhi government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail.
Her fortunes revived in the 1998 general election, as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered another general election just a year later.
The AIADMK returned to power in 2001, although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to minister O. Panneerselvam. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the 2011 assembly election.
Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidised "Amma"-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a disproportionate-assets case, rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the 2016 assembly election, she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalisation, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.
Jayalalithaa never married and had no children.[7]
On 29 May 2020, her nephew, J. Deepak, and niece, Deepa Jayakumar, were declared as her legal heirs by Madras High Court.[8] Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a personality cult and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers.[9]
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