J. L. Austin

J. L. Austin OBE FBA
Austin (1951) by Ramsey and Muspratt
Born	26 March 1911 Lancaster, England
Died	8 February 1960(1960-02-08) (aged 48) Oxford, England
Education
Alma mater	Balliol College, Oxford
Academic advisors	H. A. Prichard
Philosophical work
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic Ordinary language philosophy / linguistic philosophy Correspondence theory of truth[1]
Institutions	Magdalen College, Oxford
Notable students	Jonathan Bennett
Main interests	Philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, ethics, philosophy of perception
Notable ideas	Speech acts, performative utterance, descriptive fallacy, linguistic phenomenology[2]

John Langshaw Austin OBE FBA (26 March 1911 – 8 February 1960) was an English philosopher of language and leading proponent of ordinary language philosophy, best known for developing the theory of speech acts.^[3]

Austin pointed out that we use language to do things as well as to assert things, and that the utterance of a statement like "I promise to do so-and-so" is best understood as doing something—here, making a promise—rather than making an assertion about anything; hence the title of one of his best-known works, How to Do Things with Words (1955).

Austin, in formulating this theory of speech acts, mounts a significant challenge to the philosophy of language, far beyond merely elucidating a class of morphological sentence forms that function to do what they name.

Austin's work ultimately suggests that all speech and all utterance is the doing of something with words and signs, challenging a metaphysics of language that would posit denotative, propositional assertion as the essence of language and meaning.