James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie

The Most Honourable The Marquess of Dalhousie KT PC
Governor-General of India
In office 12 January 1848 – 28 February 1856
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell The Earl of Derby The Earl of Aberdeen The Viscount Palmerston
Preceded by	The Viscount Hardinge
Succeeded by	The Viscount Canning
President of the Board of Trade
In office 5 February 1845 – 27 June 1846
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Sir Robert Peel
Preceded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by	The Earl of Clarendon
Personal details
Born	22 April 1812 (1812-04-22) Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, Scotland
Died	19 December 1860 (1860-12-20) (aged 48) Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian
Citizenship	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Spouse	Lady Susan Hay (d. 1853)
Parents	George Ramsay (father) Christian Broun (mother)
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford
Known for	Doctrine of Lapse

James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie KT PC (22 April 1812 – 19 December 1860), known as the Earl of Dalhousie between 1838 and 1849, was a Scottish statesman and colonial administrator in British India. He served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.

He established the foundations of the colonial educational system in India by adding mass education in addition to elite higher education. He introduced passenger trains to the railways, the electric telegraph and uniform postage, which he described as the "three great engines of social improvement". He also founded the Public Works Department in India.^{[citation needed]} He stands out as the far-sighted Governor-General who consolidated East India Company rule in India, laid the foundations of its later administration, and by his sound policy enabled his successors to stem the tide of rebellion.^[1]

His period of rule in India directly preceded the transformation into the Victorian Raj period of Indian administration. He was denounced by many in Britain on the eve of his death as having failed to notice the signs of the brewing Indian Rebellion of 1857, having aggravated the crisis by his overbearing self-confidence, centralizing activity and expansive annexations.^[1]