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Jammu | |
|---|---|
City | |
    | |
| Nickname: City of Temples[1] | |
 Interactive map of Jammu | |
![Jammu lies in the Jammu division (neon blue) of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (shaded tan) in the disputed Kashmir region.[2]](view_image.php?q=Jammu_&_Kashmir_National_Conference&sq=CIA&lang=en&file=File:Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Jammu_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg) Jammu lies in the Jammu division (neon blue) of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (shaded tan) in the disputed Kashmir region.[2] | |
| Coordinates: 32°44′N 74°52′E / 32.73°N 74.87°E | |
| Administering country | India |
| Region of administration | Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir |
| District | Jammu |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Jammu Municipal Corporation and Jammu Development Authority |
| • Mayor | Chander Mohan Gupta, BJP[3] |
| Area | |
| • City | 240 km2 (90 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 300–400 m (1,000−1,300 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • City | 502,197 |
| • Rank | 94th |
| • Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 657,314 |
| Demonym(s) | Jammuwala, Jammuwale, Jammuites |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi,[6][7] Dogri,[8] Urdu,[9] Kashmiri, English |
| • Other | Punjabi[9][10] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 180001[11] |
| Vehicle registration | JK-02 |
| Sex ratio | 867 ♀/ 1000 ♂ |
| Literacy | 90.14% |
| Distance from Delhi | 575 km (357 mi) NW |
| Distance from Mumbai | 1,971 km (1,225 mi) NE (land) |
| Climate | Cwa (Köppen) |
| Precipitation | 710 mm (28 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 17.7 °C (63.9 °F) |
| Website | jammu |
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Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.[2] It is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, which is an Indian-administered union territory. It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi),[4] is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
- ^ "Jammu-Srinagar NH reopens for one-way traffic". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
Jammu, the City of Temples, recorded a low of 7.7 degrees Celsius compared to the previous night's 4.1 degrees Celsius
- ^ a b The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below).
(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute betw een India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(g) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. AJK has six districts: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bagh, Kodi, Rawalakot, and Poonch. Its capital is the town of Muzaffarabad. AJK has its own institutions, but its political life is heavily controlled by Pakistani authorities, especially the military), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
(h) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
(i) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." - ^ PTI (15 November 2018). "Jammu gets new mayor, deputy mayor | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Jammu City".
- ^ Akhtar, Rais (2009). Regional Planning for Health Care System in Jammu and Kashmir. Concept Publishing Company. p. 1. ISBN 9788180696275.
- ^ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020". Rising Kashmir. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Pathak, Analiza (2 September 2020). "Hindi, Kashmiri and Dogri to be official languages of Jammu and Kashmir, Cabinet approves Bill". Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Censuswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications, Government of India (16 March 2017). "Village/Locality based Pin mapping as on 16th March 2017". data.gov.in. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
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