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Jersey

This article is about the island in the English Channel. For other uses, see Jersey (disambiguation).

Jersey
Jèrri (Jèrriais)
British Crown Dependency
Bailiwick of Jersey
Flag of Jersey
Flag
Official seal of Jersey
Coat of arms
Anthem:
Island anthem: "Island Home"[3]
Location of Jersey (green) in Europe (dark grey)
Location of Jersey (green)

in Europe (dark grey)

Map of islands of Bailiwick of Jersey
Map of islands of Bailiwick of Jersey
Sovereign state responsible for Jersey[1][2]United Kingdom
Separation from the Duchy of Normandy1204
Capital
and largest parish[b]
St Helier[a]
49°11.4′N 2°6.6′W / 49.1900°N 2.1100°W / 49.1900; -2.1100
Official languages
Ethnic groups
(2021)[5]
  • 1.9% Asian
  • 0.9% African
  • 1.3% multiracial
Religion
(2015)[6]
Demonym(s)Islanders, Jerseyman, Jerseywoman, Jersey bean, Jersey crapaud, Jèrriais(e)
GovernmentParliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Sovereign
Charles III
Jerry Kyd
• Bailiff
Sir Tim Le Cocq
Lyndon Farnham
LegislatureStates Assembly
Government of the United Kingdom
• Minister
Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede
Area
• Total
119.6[7] km2 (46.2 sq mi) (unranked)
• Water (%)
0
Highest elevation
469 ft (143 m)
Population
• 2021 census
103,267[8]
• Density
859/km2 (2,224.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2015 estimate
• Total
billion (£4.57 billion)[9] (not ranked)
• Per capita
(£45,783) (not ranked)
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
£4.885 billion (US billion)[10]
• Per capita
£45,320
Gini (2014)Steady 0.3[11]
low
HDI (2011)Steady 0.985[12]
very high · not ranked
Currency
(GBP)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+01:00 (BST)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Mains electricity230 V–50 Hz
Driving sideLeft
Calling code+44
UK postcode
JE1 – JE5
ISO 3166 codeJE
Internet TLD.je

Jersey (/ˈdʒɜːrzi/ JUR-zee; Jèrriais: Jèrri [ʒɛri]), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey,[d][13][14][15] is an autonomous and self-governing island territory of the British Islands.[e] Although as a British Crown Dependency it is not a sovereign state, it has its own distinguishing civil and government institutions, so qualifies as a small nation or island country.[16][17][18] Located in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of north-west France, it is the largest of the Channel Islands and is 14 miles (23 km) from Normandy's Cotentin Peninsula.[18] The Bailiwick consists of the main island of Jersey and some surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks including Les Dirouilles, Les Écréhous, Les Minquiers, and Les Pierres de Lecq.[19]

Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes became kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey remained loyal to the English Crown, though it never became part of the Kingdom of England. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Jersey was at the frontline of Anglo-French Wars and was invaded a number of times, leading to the construction of fortifications such as Mont Orgueil Castle and a thriving smuggling industry. During the Second World War, the island was invaded and occupied for five years by the armed forces of Nazi Germany. The island was liberated on 9 May 1945, which is now celebrated as the island's national day.[20]

Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with its own financial, legal and judicial systems,[8] and the power of self-determination.[21] Jersey's constitutional relationship is with the Crown; it is not part of the United Kingdom.[22][23][24] The Bailiff is the civil head, president of the states and head of the judiciary; the lieutenant governor represents the head of state, the British monarch; and the chief minister is the head of government. Jersey's defence and international representation – as well as certain policy areas, such as nationality law – are the responsibility of the UK government, but Jersey still has a separate international identity.[25]

The island has a large financial services industry, which generates 40% of its GVA.[7] British cultural influence on the island is evident in its use of English as the main language and the pound sterling as its primary currency. Additional British cultural similarities include: driving on the left, access to British television, newspapers and other media, a school curriculum following that of England,[26] and the popularity of British sports, including football and cricket.[18] The island also has a strong Norman-French culture, such as its historic dialect of the Norman language, Jèrriais, being one of only two places in Normandy with government status for the language (the other being Guernsey), as well as the use of standard French in legal matters and officially in use as a government language, strong cultural ties to mainland Normandy as a part of the Normandy region, and place names with French or Norman origins. The island has very close cultural links with its neighbouring islands in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, and they share a good-natured rivalry.[27][28]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference fact relation was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference framework was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Anthem for Jersey". Government of Jersey. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  4. ^ Jèrriais: Optional use in the States Chamber (PDF). States of Jersey Greffe. 15 January 2018. P.4/2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  5. ^ "Bulletin 2: Place of birth, ethnicity, length of residency, marital status". Government of Jersey. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  6. ^ Jersey Annual Social Survey: 2015 (PDF). States of Jersey. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Jersey in Figures 2013 booklet" (PDF). Government of Jersey. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b "First Census Results Published". 2022 News. Government of Jersey. 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Measuring Jersey's Economy" (PDF). Government of Jersey. 28 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  10. ^ "National accounts: GVA and GDP". Statistics Jersey. 2019. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  11. ^ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  12. ^ "Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index" (PDF). United Nations ESCAP. February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2011.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference eb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Balleine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference attach diocese was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Worlddata-2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference IDBoard was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference facts gov was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^
  20. ^ "Plans to celebrate Liberation 75". gov.je. Archived from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  21. ^ Council of Ministers (October 2012). Common Policy for External Relations (PDF) (Report). States of Jersey. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  22. ^ "Crown Dependencies". Royal.gov.uk. 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  23. ^ European Union Committee of the House of Lords (23 March 2017). "Summary". Brexit: the British Crown Dependencies (PDF) (Report). House of Lords. para 4, first sentence. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  24. ^ Mut Bosque, Maria (May 2020). "The sovereignty of the British Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit era". Island Studies Journal. 15 (1): 151–168. doi:10.24043/isj.114.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference Torrance-2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ "Understanding the curriculum". Government of Jersey. 30 November 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference Minahan 2000 349 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference Quayle 1815 48 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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