Jinn

Jinn
	Jinn gather to do battle with the hero Faramarz. Illustration in an illuminated manuscript of the Iranian epic Shahnameh
Grouping	Mythical creature
Folklore	Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, Islamic folklore
Region	Muslim world

Jinn (Arabic: جِنّ‎), also romanized as djinn or anglicized as genies, are invisible creatures in early pre-Islamic Arabia and later in Islamic culture and beliefs.^[1] Like humans, they are accountable for their deeds and can be either believers (Muslims) or disbelievers (kafir), depending on whether they accept God's guidance. Since jinn are neither innately evil nor innately good, Islam acknowledged spirits from other religions and was able to adapt them during its expansion. Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept; they may represent several pagan beliefs integrated into Islam.^[2]^[a] To assert a strict monotheism and the Islamic concept of tawhid (oneness of God), Islam denies all affinities between the jinn and God, thus placing the jinn parallel to humans, also subject to God's judgment and afterlife. The Quran condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practice of worshipping or seeking protection from them.^[4]

Although generally invisible, jinn are supposed to be composed of thin and subtle bodies (Arabic: أَجْسَام, romanized: ajsām), and can change at will. They favour a snake form, but can also choose to appear as scorpions, lizards, or as humans. They may even engage in sexual affairs with humans and produce offspring. If they are injured by someone, they usually seek revenge or possess the assailant's body, requiring exorcism. Jinn do not usually meddle in human affairs, preferring to live with their own kind in tribes similar to those of pre-Islamic Arabia.

Individual jinn appear on charms and talismans. They are called upon for protection or magical aid, often under the leadership of a king. Many people who believe in jinn wear amulets to protect themselves against the assaults of jinn, sent out by sorcerers and witches. A commonly-held belief maintains that jinn cannot hurt someone who wears something with the name of God written upon it. While some Muslim scholars in the past had ambivalent attitudes towards jinn, contemporary Muslim scholarship increasingly associate jinn with idolatry.

^ as-Samarqandi, Abu l-Lait. "Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's commentary on Abu Hanifa al-Fiqh al-absat: Introduction, text, and commentary". In Hans Daiber (ed.). Islamic Concept of Belief in the 4th/10th Century. p. 243. ISSN 1340-5306. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference McAuliffe-2005-EncQrn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Nünlist-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (2020). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis. p.

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[asSamarqandi-on-alFiqh-1] s-Samarqandi, Abu l-Lait. "Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's commentary on Abu Hanifa al-Fiqh al-absat: Introduction, text, and commentary". In Hans Daiber (ed.). Islamic Concept of Belief in the 4th/10th Century. p. 243. ISSN 1340-5306. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[McAuliffe-2005-EncQrn-2] Cite error: The named reference McAuliffe-2005-EncQrn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Nünlist-2015-3] Cite error: The named reference Nünlist-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (2020). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis. p.

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