Back يوهان يواخيم فينكلمان Arabic يوهان يواخيم فينكلمان ARZ Johann Joachim Winckelmann AST یوهان یواخیم وینکلمان AZB Іаган Іаахім Вінкельман Byelorussian Йохан Винкелман Bulgarian Johann Joachim Winckelmann Catalan Johann Joachim Winckelmann Czech Винкельман Иоганн Иоахим CV Johann Joachim Winckelmann Danish
Johann Joachim Winckelmann | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Portrait by Raphael Mengs, after 1755 | |
| Born | 9 December 1717 |
| Died | 8 June 1768 (aged 50) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Halle |
| Known for | Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (The History of Art in Antiquity; 1764) Contribution to the rise of the neoclassical movement |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Archaeology, art history |
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (/ˈvɪŋkəlˌmɑːn/;[1] German: [ˈvɪŋkl̩man]; 9 December 1717 – 8 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist.[2] He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the differences between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology",[3] Winckelmann was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the history of art. Many consider him the father of the discipline of art history.[4] He was one of the first to separate Greek Art into periods, and time classifications.[5]
He had a decisive influence on the rise of the Neoclassical movement during the late 18th century. His writings influenced not only a new science of archaeology and art history but Western painting, sculpture, literature and even philosophy. Winckelmann's History of Ancient Art (1764) was one of the first books written in German to become a classic of European literature. His subsequent influence on Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Hölderlin, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Nietzsche, Stefan George and Oswald Spengler has been provocatively called "the Tyranny of Greece over Germany".[6]
Winckelmann was homosexual, and open homoeroticism informed his writings on aesthetics. In 1752, he mentioned the "lust" which could be experienced with the "divine monarch" (i.e. Frederick the Great) in Potsdam in a similar way as in "Athens and Sparta", and which he could enjoy so immensely that he would never again be allowed to.[7][8] His homosexuality was recognized by his contemporaries, such as Goethe.[9] In 1768, at the age of 50, he was murdered by a fellow guest at his hotel for reasons that remain unclear.
- ^ "Winckelmann". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ The biography in English is a popular account, Wolfgang Leppmann, Winckelmann (London) 1971; David Irwin offers a brief account to introduce his volume of selected writings, Winckelmann: Writings on Art (London: Phaidon) 1972.
- ^ Boorstin, 584
- ^ Robinson, Walter (February 1995). "Introduction". Instant Art History. Random House Publishing Group. p. 240. ISBN 0-449-90698-1.
The father of official art history was a German named Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68).
- ^ Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (2006). History of the art of antiquity. Potts, Alex. Los Angeles, Calif.: Getty Research Institute. ISBN 9780892366682. OCLC 59818023.
- ^ Butler, Eliza M. (1935), The Tyranny of Greece over Germany, London: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107697645
- ^ See Martin Disselkamp, Die Stadt der Gelehrten: Studien zu Johann Joachim Winckelmanns Briefen aus Rom (Tübingen, 1993), p. 151, note 104.
- ^ Bernd Krysmanski, "Does Hogarth depict Old Fritz truthfully with a crooked beak?: the pictures familiar to us from Pesne to Menzel don't show this", ART-Dok (Heidelberg University: arthistoricum.net 2022, p. 28, note 83. https://doi.org/10.11588/artdok.00008019
- ^ Kuzniar, Alice A. (1996). "Introduction". In Alice A. Kuzniar (ed.). Outing Goethe and His Age. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 9–16. ISBN 0804726140. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
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