Jupiter-C

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Jupiter-C

Jupiter-C on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral
Function	Sounding rocket
Manufacturer	Chrysler for the ABMA
Country of origin	United States
Size
Height	69.9 feet (21.3 m)
Diameter	5.8 feet (1.8 m)
Mass	64,000 pounds (29,000 kg)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to Sub-orbital
Mass	11 kg (24 lb)
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	LC-5 and 6, Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida
Total launches	3 (all suborbital)
Success(es)	1 (suborbital)
Failure(s)	1 (suborbital)
Partial failure(s)	1 (suborbital)
First flight	September 20, 1956
Last flight	August 8, 1957
First stage – Redstone (stretched)
Powered by	1 North American Aviation (Rocketdyne) 75-110-A-7
Maximum thrust	93,560 lbf; 416.18 kN (42,439 kgf)
Specific impulse	235 s (2.30 km/s)
Burn time	155 s
Propellant	LOX/Hydyne
Second stage – Sergeant cluster
Powered by	11 Solid
Maximum thrust	16,500 lbf; 73.4 kN (7,480 kgf)
Specific impulse	214 s (2.10 km/s)
Burn time	6 s
Third stage – Sergeant cluster
Powered by	3 Solid
Maximum thrust	2,040 kgf (4,500 lbf; 20.0 kN)
Specific impulse	214 s (2.10 km/s)
Burn time	6 s
[edit on Wikidata]

The Jupiter-C was an American research and development vehicle^[1][2] developed from the Jupiter-A.^[3] Jupiter-C was used for three uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflights in 1956 and 1957 to test re-entry nosecones that were later to be deployed on the more advanced PGM-19 Jupiter mobile missile. The recovered nosecone was displayed in the Oval Office as part of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's televised speech on November 7, 1957.^[4]

A member of the Redstone rocket family, Jupiter-C was designed by the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), under the direction of Wernher von Braun.^[5] Three Jupiter-C flights were made. These were followed by satellite launches with the vehicle designated as Juno I (see Juno I below or the Juno I article).^[6][7] All were launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.