Kangxi Emperor

Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
Chinese name
Chinese	康熙帝
Literal meaning	Emperor of the Era of Health and Glory
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Kāngxīdì
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Kangshi Dih
Wade–Giles	Kʻang-hsi Ti
IPA	[kʰáŋɕí tî]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Hōng-hēi Dai
Jyutping	Hong1-hei1 Dai3
Southern Min
Tâi-lô	Khong-hi Tè
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	ᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ; Энх амгалан хаан;
SASM/GNC
Transcriptions
SASM/GNC	Engke Amuɣulang Khaan
Manchu name
Manchu script	ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ; ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
Möllendorff	Elhe Taifin Hūwangdi

Names
	Aisin-Gioro Xuanye (愛新覺羅·玄燁); Manchu: Hiowan yei (ᡥᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᡝᡳ)
Era dates
	Kangxi (康熙): 18 February 1662 – 4 February 1723; Manchu: Elhe taifin (ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ); Mongolian: Энх амгалан (ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Hetian Hongyun Wenwu Ruizhe Gongjian Kuanyu Xiaojing Chengxin Zhonghe Gongde Dacheng Ren (合天弘運文武睿哲恭儉寬裕孝敬誠信中和功德大成仁皇帝); Manchu: Gosin hūwangdi (ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Shengzu (聖祖); Manchu: Šengdzu (ᡧᡝᠩᡯᡠ)

Kangxi Emperor
康熙帝
Kangxi Emperor; 康熙帝
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign	5 February 1661 – 20 December 1722
Predecessor	Shunzhi Emperor
Successor	Yongzheng Emperor
Regent	Sonin (1661–1667); Ebilun (1661–1667); Suksaha (1661–1667); Oboi (1661–1669)
Born	4 May 1654; (順治十一年三月十八日); Jingren Palace, Forbidden City, Beijing
Died	20 December 1722 (aged 68); (康熙六十一年十一月十三日); Changchun Garden, Imperial Gardens, Beijing
Burial	Jing Mausoleum, Eastern Qing tombs
Spouses	; Empress Xiaochengren (m. 1665; died 1674) ; Empress Xiaozhaoren (m. 1665; died 1678) ; Empress Xiaoyiren (died 1689) ; Empress Xiaogongren (before 1722)
Issue	Yunzhi; Yunreng, Prince Limi of the First Rank; Yunzhi, Prince Chengyin of the Second Rank; Yongzheng Emperor; Yunki, Prince Hengwen of the First Rank; Yunyou, Prince Chundu of the First Rank; Yunsi; Yuntang; Yun'e; Yuntao, Prince Lüyi of the First Rank; Yinxiang, Prince Yixian of the First Rank; Yunti, Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank; Yunxu, Prince Yuke of the Second Rank; Yunlu, Prince Zhuangke of the First Rank; Yunli, Prince Guoyi of the First Rank; Yunyi; Yunxi, Prince Shenjing of the Second Rank; Yunhu; Yunqi; Yunbi, Prince Xianke of the First Rank; Princess Rongxian of the First Rank; Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank; Princess Kejing of the First Rank; Princess Wenxian of the First Rank; Princess Chunque of the First Rank; Princess Wenke of the Second Rank; Princess Quejing of the Second Rank; Princess Dunke of the Second Rank;
Names
Names
	Aisin-Gioro Xuanye (愛新覺羅·玄燁); Manchu: Hiowan yei (ᡥᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᡝᡳ)
Era dates
	Kangxi (康熙): 18 February 1662 – 4 February 1723; Manchu: Elhe taifin (ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ); Mongolian: Энх амгалан (ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Hetian Hongyun Wenwu Ruizhe Gongjian Kuanyu Xiaojing Chengxin Zhonghe Gongde Dacheng Ren (合天弘運文武睿哲恭儉寬裕孝敬誠信中和功德大成仁皇帝); Manchu: Gosin hūwangdi (ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ ; ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ)
Temple name
	Shengzu (聖祖); Manchu: Šengdzu (ᡧᡝᠩᡯᡠ)
House	Aisin-Gioro
Dynasty	Qing
Father	Shunzhi Emperor
Mother	Empress Xiaokangzhang
Seal

This article contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.

The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history and one of the longest-reigning rulers in history.^[1] He is considered one of China's greatest emperors.^[2]

The third son of the Shunzhi Emperor, Kangxi was enthroned at the age of seven while actual power was held for six more years by the Four Regents nominated by his father.^[3] After assuming personal rule, Kangxi's attempt to revoke the fiefdoms of feudal princes sparked the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, which he suppressed. He also forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan and Mongols in the north and northwest to submit to Qing rule, and launched an expedition that incorporated Tibet into the empire. Domestically, he initially welcomed the Jesuits and the propagation of Catholicism in China, but tolerance came to an end as a result of the Chinese Rites controversy. Later in his reign, Kangxi became embroiled in a prolonged succession dispute. He died in 1722 at the age of 68 and was succeeded by his fourth son, who assumed the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor.

The Kangxi Emperor's reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos. He initiated the period known as the High Qing era (or the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong"),^[4] which lasted for several generations after his death. His court also accomplished such literary feats as the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary, the Complete Tang Poems poetry anthology, and the Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ "Emperor Kangxi - The Emperor Who Reigned for the Longest Period in Chinese History". Cultural China. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ Magill, Frank N.; Taylor, Larissa Juliet, eds. (2006). Great lives from history (First ed.). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. ISBN 978-1-58765-222-6.
^ "NOVEMBER 9, 2018 BY - The Kangxi Emperor". Columbia University. 9 November 2018.
^ Rowe (2009), p. 63.

[2] "Emperor Kangxi - The Emperor Who Reigned for the Longest Period in Chinese History". Cultural China. Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[3] Magill, Frank N.; Taylor, Larissa Juliet, eds. (2006). Great lives from history (First ed.). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. ISBN 978-1-58765-222-6.

[4] "NOVEMBER 9, 2018 BY - The Kangxi Emperor". Columbia University. 9 November 2018.

[FOOTNOTERowe200963-5] Rowe (2009), p. 63.

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