Karachi Nuclear Power Complex

Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP)
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP)
Official name	Karachi Nuclear Power Complex;
Country	Pakistan
Location	Paradise Point, Karachi, Sindh
Coordinates	24°50′55″N 66°46′55″E / 24.84861°N 66.78194°E
Status	Operational
Construction began	K1: 1 August 1966; K2: 20 August 2015; K3: 31 May 2016;
Commission date	K1: 18 October 1971; K2: 18 March 2021; K3: 4 March 2022;
Decommission date	K1: 1 August 2021
Construction cost	K1: US$57.3 million (1966) K2-K3: US$9.5 billion (2013)
Owner	Government of Pakistan
Operators	Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; (Reactor management); NESPAK; (Site and energy management)
Nuclear power station
Reactors	2 Operational (K2 and K3); 1 Decommissioned (K1);
Reactor type	K1: PHWR; K2-K3: PWR
Reactor supplier	GE Canada (Until 1976); Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex; China Nuclear Power Corp.
Cooling source	Arabian Sea
Feed-in tariff	K1: 14.2 Bn kWh
Thermal capacity	K1: 337 MWt (1971–2021); K2: 3,060 MWt; K3: 3,060 MWt;
Power generation
Units operational	2 x 1,014 MWe;
Make and model	K1: CANDU; K2-K3: Hualong One
Units planned	K4: 1400 MW ; K5: 1400 MW
Units decommissioned	1 x 90 MWe (K1)
Nameplate capacity	2,028 MWe
Capacity factor	K1: 29.5% (Lifetime); K2: 98.8% (Lifetime, as of 2021);
Annual net output	K2: 6,208.89 GWh (22,352.0 TJ) (2021)
External links
Website	Karachi Nuclear Power Plant ; KANUPP-1 (K-1)
	[edit on Wikidata]

The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (or KANUPP) is a large commercial nuclear power plant located at the Paradise Point in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.^[5]

Officially known as Karachi Nuclear Power Complex,^[5] the power generation site is composed of three commercial nuclear power plants.^[6] The K-1 commenced its criticality operations in 1971 whereas K-2 commenced operations in 2021 with a gross power capacity of 1100 MWt.^[7] The K-3, with a design similar to K-2, is due for official commissioning and commenced its criticality operations on 21 February 2022.^[7]

The first nuclear power plant, which was later known as K-1, was commissioned with support from Canada whereas K-2 and K-3 have been supported by financing and investment provided by China and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).^[8] After a lengthy and complicated negotiations with Canada, the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant was constructed by Canadian firms in 1965 and it went critical in August 1971 with a smaller CANDU-type reactor– it provided energy and generated electricity to whole city of Karachi.^[8] The site is protected and covered under the IAEA monitoring, which also provided funding for the site's expansion.^[8]

The nuclear power plant is the first commercial nuclear plant in the Muslim world.^[9]

^ "Plant Features -- KANUPP". 28 March 2009. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
^ "PM Imran inaugurates K-2 nuclear power plant". Daily Times. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
^ "Karachi 3 begins supplying electricity". World Nuclear News. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ "Pakistan 2021". cnpp.iaea.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021. See: §Section: 2.2.3. Permanent shutdown and decommissioning process
^ ^a ^b Hussain, S.B. (1996). "Karachi Nuclear Power Plant -- A Review of Performance, Problems, and Upgrades" (PDF). inis.iaea.org. Karachi, Sind. Pakistan: IAEA publications. p. 17. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ "WNO: KANUPP". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b "PRIS – Reactor Details". pris.iaea.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) Expansion, Pakistan". Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis. Power Technology. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ Yusuf, S. Irfan Ali (1981). "Nuclear Energy in the Muslim World". Pakistan Horizon. 34 (1). Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs: 59–73. JSTOR 41393645. 41393645.

[1] "Plant Features -- KANUPP". 28 March 2009. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2020.

[2] "PM Imran inaugurates K-2 nuclear power plant". Daily Times. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

[World_Nuclear_News-3] "Karachi 3 begins supplying electricity". World Nuclear News. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

[CNPP_IAEA_2022-4] "Pakistan 2021". cnpp.iaea.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021. See: §Section: 2.2.3. Permanent shutdown and decommissioning process

[IAEA_publications,_Hussain,_1996-5] Hussain, S.B. (1996). "Karachi Nuclear Power Plant -- A Review of Performance, Problems, and Upgrades" (PDF). inis.iaea.org. Karachi, Sind. Pakistan: IAEA publications. p. 17. Retrieved 15 August 2020.

[6] "WNO: KANUPP". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.

[PRIS_–_Reactor_Details,_k2-7] "PRIS – Reactor Details". pris.iaea.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.

[Power_Technology,_2016-8] "Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) Expansion, Pakistan". Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis. Power Technology. Retrieved 15 August 2020.

[Pakistan_Horizon,_Yusuf,_1981-9] Yusuf, S. Irfan Ali (1981). "Nuclear Energy in the Muslim World". Pakistan Horizon. 34 (1). Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs: 59–73. JSTOR 41393645. 41393645.

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