Kaveri

Kaveri Cauvery
Kaveri River flowing in Srirangapatna
Map of the Kaveri River basin
Location
Country	India
States	Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry
Region	Southern India
Origin	Kodagu, Karnataka
Physical characteristics
Source	Talakaveri, Kodagu, Western Ghats, Karnataka
• location	Karnataka, India
• coordinates	12°23′N 75°29′E / 12.383°N 75.483°E / 12.383; 75.483
• elevation	1,341 m (4,400 ft)
Mouth	Bay of Bengal
• location	Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, India
• coordinates	11°21′40″N 79°49′46″E / 11.36111°N 79.82944°E / 11.36111; 79.82944
• elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	805 km (500 mi)[1]
Basin size	81,155 km2 (31,334 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Lower Caleroon Anicut (58.5 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 78,783 km2 (30,418 sq mi)
• average	(Period: 1998-2022)927.65 m3/s (32,760 cu ft/s)[2] 677 m3/s (23,900 cu ft/s)
• minimum	144 m3/s (5,100 cu ft/s)[2]
• maximum	4,075 m3/s (143,900 cu ft/s)[2]
Discharge
• location	Grand Anicut (South; 140 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 74,004 km2 (28,573 sq mi)[3] to 75,506 km2 (29,153 sq mi)[4]
• average	(Period: 1976-1979)400.716 m3/s (14,151.2 cu ft/s)[3] (Period: 1998-2022)1,151.2 m3/s (40,650 cu ft/s)[4]
• minimum	78 m3/s (2,800 cu ft/s)[4]
• maximum	4,916 m3/s (173,600 cu ft/s)[4]
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Sarabanga, Thirumanimutharu
• right	Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati, Moyar

The Kaveri (also known as Cauvery, the anglicised name) is one of the major Indian rivers flowing through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The Kaveri River rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats, Kodagu district of the state of Karnataka, at an elevation of 1,341 m above mean sea level and flows for about 800 km before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. It reaches the sea in Poompuhar, in Mayiladuthurai district. It is the third largest river – after Godavari and Krishna – in southern India, and the largest in the state of Tamil Nadu, which, on its course, bisects the state into north and south. In ancient Tamil literature, the river was also called Ponni (the golden mother, in reference to the fine silt it deposits).^[5][6][7]

The Kaveri is a sacred river to the people of Southern India and is worshipped as the Goddess Kaveriamma (Mother Cauvery). It is considered to be among the seven holy rivers of India.^[8] It is extensively used for agriculture in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

The catchment area of the Kaveri basin is estimated to be 81,155 square kilometres (31,334 sq mi) with many tributaries including Harangi, Hemavati, Kabini, Bhavani, Lakshmana Tirtha, Noyyal, and Arkavati. The river basin covers three states and a Union Territory as follows: Tamil Nadu, 43,868 square kilometres (16,938 sq mi); Karnataka, 34,273 square kilometres (13,233 sq mi); Kerala, 2,866 square kilometres (1,107 sq mi); and Puducherry, 148 square kilometres (57 sq mi).^[9] In Chamarajanagar district it forms the island of Shivanasamudra, on either side of which are the scenic Shivanasamudra Falls that descend about 100 metres (330 ft).^[10] The river is the source for an extensive irrigation system and for hydroelectric power.^[11] The river has supported irrigated agriculture for centuries and served as the lifeblood of the ancient kingdoms and modern cities of southern India. Access to the river's waters has pitted Indian states against each other for decades. It was profusely described in the Tamil Sangam literature and is held in great reverence in Hinduism. The Kaveri River delta is a thickly populated delta, one which is frequently affected by tropical cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal.