Khowar

Khowar
Khowar
کھووار زبان
	Khowar written in the Khowar alphabet in Nastaliq style.
Native to	Pakistan
Region	Chitral District
Ethnicity	Kho
Native speakers	580,000 (2020)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Chitrali Khowar; ; ; ;
Writing system	Khowar alphabet (In Nastaliq style.)
Official status
Regulated by	Association for the Promotion of Khowar
Language codes
ISO 639-3	khw
Glottolog	khow1242
ELP	Khowar
Linguasphere	59-AAB-aa
	Khowar is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in Chitral, it is given a space in this map.
	Areas where Khowar is spoken.

Khowar (Khowar: کھووار زبان, romanized: khowār, IPA: [kʰɔːwaːr]), or Chitrali, is a Dardic language of the Indo-Aryan language family primarily spoken in Chitral and surrounding areas in Pakistan.^[3]

Khowar is the lingua franca of Chitral,^[3] and it is also spoken in the Gupis-Yasin and Ghizer districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, as well in the Upper Swat district.^[4]

Speakers of Khowar have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres, with Peshawar, Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi having significant populations. It is also spoken as a second language by the Kalash people.^[5] It has close relationship with other Indo-Aryan languages, especially Standard Punjabi, Western Punjabi, Sindhi, and the dialects of Western Pahari.^[6]

^ Khowar at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^ Faizi, Inayatullah. "Development of Khowar as a Literacy Language, Results of interaction between linguists and language community: Case study in Chitral, Northern Pakistan" (PDF). NWFP-Pakistan: Govt Degree College Chitral.
^ ^a ^b Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 843. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
^ Cardona, George (2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. p. 843.
^ Heegård Petersen, Jan (30 September 2015). "Kalasha texts – With introductory grammar". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. 47 (sup1): 1–275. doi:10.1080/03740463.2015.1069049. ISSN 0374-0463. S2CID 218660179.
^ M. Oranskij, “Indo-Iranica IV. Tadjik (Régional) Buruǰ ‘Bouleau,’” in Mélanges linguistiques offerts à Émile Benveniste, Paris, 1975, pp. 435–40.

[e26-1] Khowar at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[2] Faizi, Inayatullah. "Development of Khowar as a Literacy Language, Results of interaction between linguists and language community: Case study in Chitral, Northern Pakistan" (PDF). NWFP-Pakistan: Govt Degree College Chitral.

[The_Indo-Aryan_Languages-3] Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 843. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.

[4] Cardona, George (2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. p. 843.

[5] Heegård Petersen, Jan (30 September 2015). "Kalasha texts – With introductory grammar". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. 47 (sup1): 1–275. doi:10.1080/03740463.2015.1069049. ISSN 0374-0463. S2CID 218660179.

[6] M. Oranskij, “Indo-Iranica IV. Tadjik (Régional) Buruǰ ‘Bouleau,’” in Mélanges linguistiques offerts à Émile Benveniste, Paris, 1975, pp. 435–40.

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