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Kingdom of Mewar

This article is about the kingdom in Rajputana called the Kingdom of Mewar. For the natural and historical region, see Mewar. For the state with its capital in Dharamjaigarh, see Udaipur State, Chhattisgarh.

Kingdom of Mewar
566 CE–1949
Flag of Kingdom of Mewar
Flag
Coat of arms of Udaipur State of Kingdom of Mewar
Coat of arms of Udaipur State
Motto: "The Almighty protects the one who upholds righteousness"
  Greatest extent of the Kingdom of Mewar, 15th Century
[1][2][3]
Capital
Common languagesMewari[7]
Religion
Hinduism
Government
Maharana 
• 566-586 CE
Rawal Guhil
• 1930–1948 (last)
Bhupal Singh
History 
• Established
566 CE
1949
Area
1901[8]33,030 km2 (12,750 sq mi)
1941[9]33,517 km2 (12,941 sq mi)
Population
• 1941[9]
1,926,698

The Kingdom of Mewar, sometimes known as Udaipur State, was an independent kingdom in Rajputana region of India, ruled by the Sisodia dynasty. It originated in the form of the Guhila Kingdom in Mewar.[10] In the 10th century, it transformed into an independent state under Rawal Bharttripatta II.[11]

In 1303, the kingdom was invaded, its capital fort Chittorgarh was besieged and taken by Alauddin Khalji killing the entire main branch of the family known as the Rawal Branch.[12][13] A junior branch of the family called the Ranas later regained the control of the kingdom in 1326 and under them, the kingdom became the most powerful state in the Northern India. The Kingdom was engaged in multiple battles against the sultanates of Gujarat, Malwa, Nagor and Delhi.[14] At its peak it controlled parts of Sindh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar pradesh.[15] The kingdom emerged as one of the major powers in Northern India in the early 16th century after gaining a streak of successes against the neighboring Muslim kingdoms and was a significant factor in the decline of Lodi dynasty of Delhi.[16][17] The kingdom declined after the Battle of Khanwa with the Mughals.[18] The kingdom under Udai Singh II and Maharana Pratap was constantly engaged in a struggle with the Mughals and continued through the kingdom accepting Mughal suzernity in 1615 and ended around 1707 when Aurangzeb died.[19] Even during this brief period of vassalisation, Rana Raj Singh I revolted and led numerous successful campaigns including the Rathore revolt against the Mughal empire, ultimately resulting in victory for Mewar along with its independence.[20] The kingdom afterwards came under the Maratha influence and started paying chauth to the Holkars.[21] The kingdom accepted British suzerainty in 1818 and it continued till 1947, after which Bhupal Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India and joined the Union of India.[22][23]

  1. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A history of Rajasthan. Rupa and Company. p. 452. ISBN 9788129115010. As a consequence of Sanga's exploits, the borders of Mewar by this period extended from near Mandu (the capital of Malwa), in the south to Peela Khal (Pilya Khal), a small rivulet near Bayana and Agra, in the north-east, and deep into the desert country (stretching towards the river Indus) west and north-west of Mewar. In addition, numerous fellow-princes had accepted the pre-eminence or token leadership of Sanga. The princes of Marwar and Amber did him homage, and the Raos of Gwalior, Ajmer, Sikri, Raesen [sic], Kalpee [sic], Chanderi, Boondi [sic], Gagrown [sic], Rampoora, and Aboo [sic], served him as tributaries or held of him in chief
  2. ^ Mankekar, D.r (1976). Mewar Saga. Vikas Publishing House. p. 39. These exploits in the field of battle established Sanga as the most outstanding personality in northern India and raised him to the status of the overlord of the whole of Rajasthan. The princes of Marwar and Amber accepted Sanga as their leader and the Raos of Gwalior, Ajmer, Sikri, Kalpi, Chanderi, Bundi, Gagron, Rampura and Abu served him as feudatories
  3. ^ Chandra, Satish (2007). History of Medieval India: 800-1700. Orient BlackSwan. p. 174. ISBN 9788125032267.
  4. ^ a b c Bhattacharya, A.N. (2000). Human Geography of Mewar. Himanshu Publications. ISBN 9788186231906.
  5. ^ Agarwal, B.D. (1979). Rajasthan District Gazetteers, Udaipur. Jaipur: Directorate of District Gazetteers.
  6. ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, pp. 245.
  7. ^ Ojha, Gaurishankar Hirachand (1990). उदयपुर राज्य का इतिहास [History of Udaipur State]. Rajasthani Granthagar.
  8. ^ Bannerman, A.D. (1902). Census of India 1901, Vol. XXV-A, Rajputana, Part II Imperial Tables (PDF). Newal Kishore Press.
  9. ^ a b Dashora, Yamunalal (8 March 2024). Mewar in 1941 or A Summary of Census Statistics. R.C. Sharma.
  10. ^ Nandini Sinha 1991, p. 64-65.
  11. ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, pp. 50–51.
  12. ^ Satish Chandra (2007). History of Medieval India:800-1700. Orient Longman. p. 98. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7. Alauddin closely invested Chittor. After a valiant resistance by the besieged for several months, Alauddin stormed the fort (1303). The Rajputs performed jauhar and most of the warriors died fighting. Padmini, and the other queens, also sacrificed their lives. But it seems that Ratan Singh was captured alive and kept a prisoner for some time
  13. ^ Rima Hooja 2006, pp. 308: "Amir Khusrau's works have omitted mention of several episodes unpalatable to the Sultan among them the murder of Jalaluddin Khilji by his nephew, Alauddin; Alauddin's defeat at the hands of the Mongols; and the Mongol siege of Delhi. Srivastava also asserts that it would be wrong to say that Jayasi had concocted the entire story of Padmini. He holds that ‘Jayasi wrote out a romance, the plot of which he derived from Amir Khusrau's Khazain-ul-Futuh’, and while conceding that “most of the romantic details of Jayasi's Padmavat are imaginary”, asserts that “the main plot of the story that Padmini was coveted by Alauddin and was shown in a mirror to the lustful Sultan who had her husband arrested, is most probably based on historical truth. He further suggests that the women performed Jauhar after Ratan Singh's arrest and then the Rajputs fell on the invaders and rescued the Rana, but they were cut down to a man, and the fort and the country passed into Alauddin's hands"
  14. ^ "History of Medieval India by Satish Chandra book pdf download". Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  15. ^ Sharma, G. N. (1954). Mewar and the mughal emperors.
  16. ^ Bhatnagar, V. S. (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. Impex India. p. 6. Mewar's grand recovery commended under Lakha and later under Kumbha and most notably under Sanga it became one of the greatest powers in the northern India in first quarter of 16th century.
  17. ^ Richards, John F. (1 January 1965). "The Economic History of the Lodi Period: 1451-1526". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 8 (1): 47–67. doi:10.1163/156852065X00020. ISSN 1568-5209.
  18. ^ V.S Bhatnagar (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. Impex India. p. 6. Mewars grand recovery commended under Lakha and later under kumbha and most notably under Sanga it became one of the greatest power in the northern india in first quarter of 16th century
  19. ^ Chandra 2006, p. 123.
  20. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 595–625. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
  21. ^ Somānī, Rāmavallabha (1976). History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari Publications. pp. 338–339.
  22. ^ Manoshi, Bhattacharya (2008). The Rajputs. Rupa & Company. pp. 42–46. ISBN 9788129114013.
  23. ^ Agarwal, B.D. (1979). Rajasthan District Gazetteers: Udaipur. Jaipur: Government of Rajasthan. p. 230.

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