Kingdom of Mrauk U

Kingdom of Mrauk-U မြောက်ဦးဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံ
1430–1785
View of Mrauk-U in the XVII century
Early Dutch map of Arakan (present-day Rakhine State, Myanmar, and southern part of Chittagong Division, Bangladesh)
Status	Vassal of Bengal Sultanate (1429–1437[1])
Capital	Launggyet (1429–1430) Mrauk U (1430–1785)
Common languages	Official Arakanese
Religion	Theravada Buddhism Islam Hinduism Christianity Animism
Government	Feudal monarchy (until 1782)
• 1429–1433	Min Saw Mon (first)
• 1433–1459	Min Khayi
• 1531–1554	Min Bin
• 1593–1612	Min Razagyi
• 1622–1638	Thiri Thudhamma
• 1652–1674	Sanda Thudhamma
• 1782–1785	Maha Thammada (last)
Legislature	Royal Parliamentary System
Historical era	15th to 18th Century
• Founding of dynasty	September 1430
• Vassal of Bengal Sultanate	1429–1437[2]
• Conquest of Chittagong	1459[3]
• Joint-control of Lower Burma	1599–1603
• Loss of Chittagong	1666
• End of kingdom	2 January 1785
Currency	Dinga
Preceded by Succeeded by Laymro Kingdom Interregnum Bengal Sultanate Konbaung Dynasty Bengal Sultanate Portuguese settlement in Chittagong

History of Myanmar
Prehistory of Myanmar 11,000–200 BCE Pyu city-states 200 BCE – 1050 CE (Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Tagaung Kingdom) Mon kingdoms 825?–1057? CE (Thaton Kingdom) Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Kingdom 849–1297 Early Pagan Kingdom 849–1044 Warring states period Upper Myanmar 1297–1555 Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1365 Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1365 Kingdom of Ava 1365–1555 Prome Kingdom 1482–1542 Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552 Shan States 1215–1563 Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429–1785 Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752 First Toungoo Empire 1510–1599 Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752 Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–1757 Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948 Anglo-Burmese Wars 1824–1885 Resistance movement 1885–1895 Nationalist movement 1900–1948 Japanese occupation 1942–1945
Modern era 1948–present AFPFL government 1948–1962 Ne Win dictatorship 1962–1988 SLORC / SPDC junta 1988–2010 Political reforms 2011–2015 SAC junta 2021–present
Timeline List of capitals Leaders Royal chronicles Military history Military rule
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The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan littoral from 1429 to 1785. Based in the capital Mrauk-U, near the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal, the kingdom ruled over what is now Rakhine State, Myanmar and southern part of Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Though started out as a protectorate of the Bengal Sultanate from 1429 to 1531, Mrauk-U went on to conquer Chittagong with the help of the Portuguese. It twice fended off the Toungoo Burma's attempts to conquer the kingdom in 1546–1547, and 1580–1581. At its height of power, it briefly controlled the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans to the Gulf of Martaban from 1599 to 1603.^[4][5] In 1666, it lost control of Chittagong after a war with the Mughal Empire. Its reign continued until 1785, when it was conquered by the Konbaung dynasty of Burma.^[6][7]

It was home to a multiethnic population with the city of Mrauk U being home to mosques, temples, shrines, seminaries and libraries.^[8] The kingdom was also a center of piracy and the slave trade. It was frequented by Arab, Danish, Dutch and Portuguese traders.^[8]