Kirkwood Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: Berriasian-Hauterivian ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Uitenhage Group |
Sub-units | Swartkops Member, Colchester Member, Bethelsdorp Member, Wood beds |
Underlies | Sundays River Formation, Buffelskloof Formation |
Overlies | Enon Formation |
Thickness | up to 2,210 m (7,250 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone, claystone |
Other | Mudstone, siltstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 33°24′S 25°30′E / 33.4°S 25.5°E |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 45°00′S 11°30′W / 45.0°S 11.5°W |
Region | Western & Eastern Cape |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | Kirkwood, Eastern Cape |
![]() Map showing extent of the Kirkwood Formation (green) in the Algoa and Gamtoos Basins |
The Kirkwood Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is one of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin – its type locality – and in the neighbouring Gamtoos Basin. Outcrops of the Kirkwood are also found along the Worcester-Pletmos, Herbertsdale-Riversdale, Heidelberg-Mossel Bay, and Oudtshoorn-Gamtoos basin lines.[1][2] At these basins the Kirkwood Formation underlies the Buffelskloof Formation and not the Sundays River Formation.[3]
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