Kishinev pogrom

Kishinev pogrom
Kishinev pogrom
Part of the pogroms in the Russian Empire
	Bodies in the street
Location	Kishinev, Bessarabia Governorate, Russian Empire; (now Chișinău, Moldova)
Date	19–21 April [O.S. 6–8 April] 1903
Target	Bessarabian Jews
Attack type	Pogrom; massacre;
Deaths	49
Injured	92 gravely injured; >500 lightly injured
Perpetrators	Russian pogromists
Motive	Antisemitism

47°02′15″N 28°48′16″E / 47.0376°N 28.8045°E / 47.0376; 28.8045

The Kishinev pogrom or Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev (modern Chișinău, Moldova), then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on 19–21 April [O.S. 6–8 April] 1903.^[1] During the pogrom, which began on Easter Day, 49 Jews were killed, 92 were gravely injured, a number of Jewish women were raped, over 500 were lightly injured and 1,500 homes were damaged.^[2]^[3] American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration.^[4] The incident focused worldwide attention on the persecution of Jews within the Russian empire^[5] and led Theodor Herzl to propose the Uganda Scheme as a temporary refuge for the Jews.^[6]

A second pogrom erupted in the city in October 1905.^[7]

^ Penkower, Monty Noam (October 2004). "The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History". Modern Judaism. 24 (3). Oxford University Press: 187–225. doi:10.1093/mj/kjh017.
^ "The pogrom that transformed 20th century Jewry". The Harvard Gazette. 9 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
^ Chicago Jewish Cafe (20 September 2018). "Are Jewish men cowards? Conversation with Prof. Steven J. Zipperstein". YouTube. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Corydon Ireland (9 April 2009). "The pogrom that transformed 20th century Jewry". The Harvard Gazette.
^ Birnbaum, Erwin. In the Shadow of the Struggle. Accessed 27 January 2022.
^ Cite error: The named reference JEncyclo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Penkower, Monty Noam (October 2004). "The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History". Modern Judaism. 24 (3). Oxford University Press: 187–225. doi:10.1093/mj/kjh017.

[2] "The pogrom that transformed 20th century Jewry". The Harvard Gazette. 9 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

[3] Chicago Jewish Cafe (20 September 2018). "Are Jewish men cowards? Conversation with Prof. Steven J. Zipperstein". YouTube. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

[:0-4] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[harvard.edu-5] Corydon Ireland (9 April 2009). "The pogrom that transformed 20th century Jewry". The Harvard Gazette.

[6] Birnbaum, Erwin. In the Shadow of the Struggle. Accessed 27 January 2022.

[JEncyclo-7] Cite error: The named reference JEncyclo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]