Klaus Barbie

Nikolaus Barbie
Born	Nikolaus Barbie (1913-10-25)25 October 1913 Godesberg, Rhine, Prussia, German Empire
Died	25 September 1991(1991-09-25) (aged 77) Lyon, France
Other names	"Butcher of Lyon" Klaus Altmann
Political party	NSDAP (1937–1945)
Criminal status	Deceased
Conviction(s)	Crimes against humanity
Criminal penalty	Death; commuted to life imprisonment
Career
Allegiance	Nazi Germany Schutzstaffel[1] United States West Germany Bolivia
Service/branch	Gestapo Counterintelligence Corps Federal Intelligence Service
Years of service	1935–1945
Rank	Hauptsturmführer
Unit	Sicherheitsdienst (SD)
Spouse(s)	Regina Margaretta Willms ​ ​ (m. 1939)​
Children	2

Nikolaus Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was a German officer of the SS and SD who worked in Vichy France during World War II. He became known as the "Butcher of Lyon" for having personally tortured prisoners—primarily Jews and members of the French Resistance—as the head of the Gestapo in Lyon. After the war, United States intelligence services employed him for his anti-communist efforts and aided his escape to Bolivia, where he advised the dictatorial regime on how to repress opposition through torture. In 1983, the United States apologised to France for the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps helping him escape to Bolivia,^[2] aiding Barbie's escape from an outstanding arrest warrant.^[3]

In 1972, it was discovered he was in Bolivia. While in Bolivia, the West German Intelligence Service recruited him. Barbie is suspected of having had a role in the Bolivian coup d'état orchestrated by Luis García Meza in 1980. After the fall of the dictatorship, Barbie lost the protection of the government in La Paz. In 1983, he was arrested and extradited to France, where he was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison. Although he had been sentenced to death in absentia twice earlier, in 1947 and 1954, capital punishment had been abolished in France in 1981. Barbie died of cancer in prison in 1991, at age 77.