Koningsdag

Koningsdag
People dressed in orange on the canals of Amsterdam in 2010
Observed by	Kingdom of the Netherlands (Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten)
Type	National holiday
Significance	Birthday of King Willem-Alexander
Celebrations	Partying, wearing orange costumes, flea markets, concerts and traditional local gatherings
Date	27 April (26 April if 27 April is a Sunday)
Frequency	annual

Koningsdag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋzdɑx] ^ⓘ) or King's Day is a national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Celebrated on 27 April (26 April if the 27th is a Sunday), the date marks the birth of King Willem-Alexander.^[1] When the Dutch monarch is female, the holiday is known as Koninginnedag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌkoːnɪŋˈɪnədɑx] ^ⓘ) or Queen's Day and, under Queen Beatrix until 2013, was celebrated on 30 April. She prolonged the tradition that was born under her mother’s reign: Queen Juliana’s (Queen of The Netherlands from 1948 till 1980) birthday was on April 30th.

The holiday was initially observed on 31 August 1885 as Prinsessedag or Princess's Day, the fifth birthday of Princess Wilhelmina, then heir presumptive to the Dutch throne. On her accession in November 1890 the holiday acquired the name Koninginnedag, first celebrated on 31 August 1891. In September 1948, Wilhelmina's daughter Juliana ascended to the throne and the holiday was moved to her birthday, 30 April. The holiday was celebrated on this date from 1949.

Juliana's daughter, Beatrix, retained the celebration on 30 April after she ascended the throne in 1980, because her birthday was on 31 January, the middle of winter.^[2] Beatrix altered her mother's custom of receiving a floral parade at Soestdijk Palace, instead choosing to visit different Dutch towns each year and join in the festivities with her children.

In 2009, the Queen was celebrating Queen's Day in the city of Apeldoorn when a confused man drove into a crowd of people and crashed into a monument: seven people in the crowd were killed, as was the driver.

Queen Beatrix abdicated on Koninginnedag 2013, and her son, Willem-Alexander, ascended the throne (the first king since the observance of the national holiday). As a result, the holiday became known as Koningsdag from 2014 on, and the celebration was moved three days to 27 April, Willem-Alexander's birthday.

Koningsdag is known for its nationwide vrijmarkt ('free market'), at which the Dutch sell their used items. It is also an opportunity for "orange madness" or oranjegekte, a kind of frenzy named for the national colour.