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Koreans in China

Koreans in China
Total population
All Koreans2,109,727[1][2]
Chaoxianzu1,702,479–1,893,763[3]
Regions with significant populations
Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong peninsula, Beijing and other Chinese cities
Languages
Korean
Chinese languages
Religion
Buddhism[4] · Christianity

Koreans in China include both ethnic Koreans with Chinese nationality and non-Chinese nationalities such as South Korean (Chinese: 在华韩国人·韩裔) and North Korean (Chinese: 在华朝鲜人·朝鲜裔) people living in China. For this reason, ethnic Koreans with Chinese nationality or citizenship[5] are termed Korean Chinese,[note 1] Joseonjok, Chosŏnjok (Korean: 조선족; Hancha: 朝鮮族), and their official name in China is Chaoxianzu (朝鲜族; Cháoxiǎnzú; 'Joseon ethnic group'). They form a diasporic community, maintaining ties to the Korean Peninsula across generations, including among individuals who have never visited Korea.[6] Korean Chinese are the 13th largest ethnic minority group in China.[7][8]

Most of Korean Chinese live in Yanbian and Changbai within Jilin province. Significant populations can also be found in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a sizable expat community in Shanghai. According to the South Korean government, the combined population of Koreans with Chinese nationality, South Korean, North Korean in China is 2,109,727 in 2023.[9]

The total population of ethnic Korean Chinese is 1,702,479 according to the 2021 Chinese government census.[10] High levels of emigration to the Republic of Korea for better economic and financial opportunities have contributed to a decrease in their numbers in China. Conversely, it is estimated that 42% (Approximately 708,000) of these Korean Chinese in Korea, maintaining their Chinese nationality.[11] Koreans in China are the largest or second largest ethnic Korean population living outside of the Korean Peninsula, after Korean Americans.[citation needed]

Among all of the 56 ethnic minorities recognized by the Chinese government (including the Han majority) their literacy rate and college enrollment rate are the highest, and their birth rate is the lowest.[8]

  1. ^ "재외동포청".
  2. ^ According to reports from the majority of Chinese and South Korean media, the total population of the Korean ethnic group is 1.7 million. However, the South Korean government (2023) believes that the total population of Koreans in China is 2,109,727 people (including South Korean nationals who are students and professionals, 1.7 million people of Chaoxianzu (Korean ethnicity who has Chinese nationality), those of Korean descent who have naturalized as Chinese citizens along with their family and relatives, but are categorized as Han Chinese or other ethnicities within China's ethnic classification system). Among them, the population of Chaoxianzu and Korean Chinese with Chinese (PRC) citizenship (including 1.7 million people of Korean ethnicity) is 1,893,763 people (October 2023). Considering those individuals of Korean ethnicity who have already acquired South Korean citizenship, the figure of 2 million seems unlikely.
  3. ^ http://www.cnstats.org/tjnj/2022/3225.htm[permanent dead link] [bare URL]
  4. ^ "The Korean Ethnic Group", China.org.cn, 21 June 2005, retrieved 6 February 2009
  5. ^ Woo, Park; Easthope, Robert; Kyung-Sup, Chang (2 October 2020). "China's ethnic minority and neoliberal developmental citizenship: Yanbian Koreans in perspective". Citizenship Studies. 24 (7): 918–933. doi:10.1080/13621025.2020.1812957. ISSN 1362-1025. S2CID 222315472.
  6. ^ Lim, Timothy C.; Seol, Dong-Hoon (2018). "Explaining South Korea's Diaspora Engagement Policies". Development and Society. 47 (4): 633–662. ISSN 1598-8074. JSTOR 26554721.
  7. ^ Park, Jeongwon Bourdais (2017). "Ethnic Relations in Northeast China: Ethnic Revival or De-Ethnicisation of the Korean Diaspora?". European Journal of East Asian Studies. 16 (1): 36–66. doi:10.1163/15700615-01601001. ISSN 1568-0584. JSTOR 44630916.
  8. ^ a b Woo-Gil, Choi (2001). "The Korean Minory in China: The Change of Its Identity". Development and Society. 30 (1): 119–141. ISSN 1598-8074.
  9. ^ "지표서비스 | e-나라지표". www.index.go.kr. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  10. ^ "中国统计年鉴2021(光盘版+PDF版) 免费下载 – 中国统计信息网". www.cnstats.org. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  11. ^ "中 조선족 170만 명…14억 인구의 0.12%". n.news.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 6 November 2023.


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