LGBT rights in Turkmenistan

LGBT rights in Turkmenistan
LGBT rights in Turkmenistan
	Turkmenistan
Status	Illegal (for males) since 1927 (as Turkmen SSR); not criminalised between females
Penalty	Up to 5 years imprisonment with fines
Gender identity	No
Military	No
Discrimination protections	None
Family rights
Recognition of relationships	No recognition of same-sex unions
Adoption	No

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Turkmenistan face active discrimination and stigmatization compared to non-LGBT residents.^[3]^[4] Turkmenistan is one of the only two post-Soviet states where male homosexual activity remains criminalised, along with Uzbekistan.^[5]

^ "LGBT Rights in Turkmenistan". Equaldex. Retrieved 8 January 2022. Homosexuality: Male illegal, female legal
^ Cite error: The named reference ecom 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Mendos, Lucas Ramón; Botha, Kellyn; Lelis, Rafael Carrano; de la Peña, Enrique López; Savelev, Ilia; Tan, Daron (2020). State-Sponsored Homophobia: Global Legislation Overview Update (PDF) (Report). Geneva: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. pp. 24, 137, 178, 328. Retrieved 11 May 2021. p. 24: In Turkmenistan, a 2019 amendment to the Penal Code reflected that the maximum punishment for sodomy had been increased to five years' imprisonment, as compared to two years in the 1997 Code.
^ Estonian Network of People Living with HIV (2020). NGO Submission In Connection with Turkmenistan's Mid-Term Reporting On the Implementation of the 2018 UPR Recommendations (Third Cycle) (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 11 May 2021. ...two years' imprisonment for sodomy, stipulated by article 135 of the Turkmen Criminal Code. Before Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow came to power in 2007, the article on sodomy was rarely enforced
^ Mole, Richard C. M. (2018). "Introduction to "Soviet and Post-Soviet Sexualities"". Slavic Review. 77 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1017/slr.2018.7. ISSN 0037-6779.

[1] "LGBT Rights in Turkmenistan". Equaldex. Retrieved 8 January 2022. Homosexuality: Male illegal, female legal

[ecom_2019-2] Cite error: The named reference ecom 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-3] Mendos, Lucas Ramón; Botha, Kellyn; Lelis, Rafael Carrano; de la Peña, Enrique López; Savelev, Ilia; Tan, Daron (2020). State-Sponsored Homophobia: Global Legislation Overview Update (PDF) (Report). Geneva: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. pp. 24, 137, 178, 328. Retrieved 11 May 2021. p. 24: In Turkmenistan, a 2019 amendment to the Penal Code reflected that the maximum punishment for sodomy had been increased to five years' imprisonment, as compared to two years in the 1997 Code.

[2020_ecom-4] Estonian Network of People Living with HIV (2020). NGO Submission In Connection with Turkmenistan's Mid-Term Reporting On the Implementation of the 2018 UPR Recommendations (Third Cycle) (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 11 May 2021. ...two years' imprisonment for sodomy, stipulated by article 135 of the Turkmen Criminal Code. Before Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow came to power in 2007, the article on sodomy was rarely enforced

[5] Mole, Richard C. M. (2018). "Introduction to "Soviet and Post-Soviet Sexualities"". Slavic Review. 77 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1017/slr.2018.7. ISSN 0037-6779.

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