La Isabela

La Isabela Archaeological National Park conmemorative plaque and flags

La Isabela in Puerto Plata Province, Dominican Republic was the first stable Spanish settlement and town in the Americas established in December 1493. The site is 42 km west of the city of Puerto Plata, adjacent to the village of El Castillo. The area now forms a National Historic Park.

La Isabela was founded by Christopher Columbus during his second voyage, and named after Queen Isabella I of Castile. The settlement of La Navidad, established by Columbus one year earlier to the west of La Isabela in what is present day Haiti, was destroyed by the native Taíno people before he returned. La Isabela was abandoned by 1500.^[1] The only earlier European settlements in the Americas were settlements by the Vikings in Greenland and Newfoundland which dated from 500 years earlier.

La Isabela was established to search for precious metals.^[2] La Isabela was struck by the first known epidemic to spread from Europe to the New World in 1493^[3] and two of the earliest North Atlantic hurricanes observed by Europeans in 1494 and 1495.

Hunger and disease led to mutiny, and a group of settlers, led by Bernal de Pisa, attempted to capture and make off with several ships and go back to Spain. La Isabela barely survived until 1496 when Columbus decided to abandon it in favor of a new settlement founded in 1498 called Nueva Isabela, and soon renamed Santo Domingo.

^ Cite error: The named reference Floyd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Thibodeau, A. M.; Killick, D. J.; Ruiz, J.; Chesley, J. T.; Deagan, K.; Cruxent, J. M. & Lyman, W. (February 2007), "The strange case of the earliest silver extraction by European colonists in the New World", PNAS, 104 (9): 3663–3666, Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.3663T, doi:10.1073/pnas.0607297104, PMC 1805524, PMID 17360699
^ Guerre, M.D., Francisco (Fall 1988). "The Earliest American Epidemic: The Influenza of 1493". Social Science History. 12 (3): 305–325. doi:10.1017/S0145553200018599. PMID 11618144. S2CID 46540669 – via JSTOR.

[Floyd-1] Cite error: The named reference Floyd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Thibodeau, A. M.; Killick, D. J.; Ruiz, J.; Chesley, J. T.; Deagan, K.; Cruxent, J. M. & Lyman, W. (February 2007), "The strange case of the earliest silver extraction by European colonists in the New World", PNAS, 104 (9): 3663–3666, Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.3663T, doi:10.1073/pnas.0607297104, PMC 1805524, PMID 17360699

[3] Guerre, M.D., Francisco (Fall 1988). "The Earliest American Epidemic: The Influenza of 1493". Social Science History. 12 (3): 305–325. doi:10.1017/S0145553200018599. PMID 11618144. S2CID 46540669 – via JSTOR.

[1]

[2]

[3]