Lackawanna River

Lackawanna River Gachanai,[1] Hazirok[1] L'chau-hanne,[2] Lackawannok,[3] Lechau-hanné,[4] Lechau-hannek,[2] Lechauwah-hannek.[2]
Lackawanna River as seen from Coxton Road Bridge, looking towards the Lackawanna-Susquehanna confluence
The watersheds of the Lackawanna and Lackawaxen Rivers
Etymology	Lenape word Lechauwa-hannek meaning "the river that forks"[2]
Location
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
Counties	Lackawanna, Luzerne, Susquehanna, and Wayne Counties[5]
Physical characteristics
Source	Confluence of east and west branch
• elevation	1,341 ft (409 m)
2nd source
• location	East Branch:[5] Bone Pond,[6] Dunn Pond,[7] Independent Lake,[8] Lake Lorain[9]
• elevation	East Branch: 1,572 ft (479 m)[10]
3rd source
• location	West Branch:[5] Fiddle Lake,[11] Lewis Lake,[12] Lake Lowe[13]
• elevation	West Branch: 1,575 ft (480 m)[14]
Mouth
• location	Susquehanna River (North Branch)[15]
• coordinates	41°20′28″N 75°47′35″W / 41.3412°N 75.7931°W / 41.3412; -75.7931
• elevation	540 ft (160 m)
Length	42 mi (68 km)[5]
Basin size	350 sq mi (910 km2)[5]
Basin features
Tributaries
• right	Roaring Brook[16][17]

The Lackawanna River is a 42-mile-long (68 km)^[18] tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northeastern Pennsylvania. It flows through a region of the northern Pocono Mountains that was once a center of anthracite coal mining in the United States. It starts in north Wayne County, Pennsylvania and ends in east Luzerne County, Pennsylvania in Duryea, Pennsylvania. The lower reaches of the river flow through the urban areas of Scranton, which grew around its banks in the 19th century as an industrial center. Its name comes from a Lenape word meaning "stream that forks".^[19]

The river rises in two branches, the West and East branches, along the boundary between Susquehanna and Wayne counties. The branches, each about 12 miles (19 km) long, flow south, closely parallel to each other, and join at the Stillwater Lake reservoir in Union Dale. The combined river flows southwest past Forest City, Carbondale, Mayfield, Jermyn, Archbald, Jessup, Blakely, Olyphant, Dickson City, Throop, Scranton, Taylor, Moosic, Old Forge, and Duryea. It joins the Susquehanna River at the northern boundary of Pittston about 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Scranton. As part of the Susquehanna River, it ultimately flows to Chesapeake Bay.

By the mid-20th century, the river was severely polluted from mine drainages in its watershed. The decline of industry in the region, as well as federal, state, and private efforts, have improved the water quality. Still, the Lackawanna River is the largest point source of pollution in the Chesapeake Bay.^[20] The upper reaches of the river are a popular destination for fly fishing of trout. It was designated as an American Heritage River in 1997.