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Landscape-scale conservation

Landscape scale conservation attempts to reconcile competing pressures on the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty across the United Kingdom.[1]

Landscape-scale conservation is a holistic approach to landscape management, aiming to reconcile the competing objectives of nature conservation and economic activities across a given landscape. Landscape-scale conservation may sometimes be attempted because of climate change. It can be seen as an alternative to site based conservation.

Many global problems such as poverty, food security, climate change, water scarcity, deforestation and biodiversity loss are connected.[2][3] For example, lifting people out of poverty can increase consumption and drive climate change.[4] Expanding agriculture can exacerbate water scarcity and drive habitat loss.[5][6] Proponents of landscape management argue that as these problems are interconnected, coordinated approaches are needed to address them, by focussing on how landscapes can generate multiple benefits. For example, a river basin can supply water for towns and agriculture, timber and food crops for people and industry, and habitat for biodiversity; and each one of these users can have impacts on the others.[2][3][7]

Landscapes in general have been recognised as important units for conservation by intergovernmental bodies,[8] government initiatives,[9][10] and research institutes.[11]

Problems with this approach include difficulties in monitoring, and the proliferation of definitions and terms relating to it.[3]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Phillips 2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference LSLB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference learning was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Stern, N (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: the Stern Review. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
  5. ^ Tilman, D (1999-05-25). "Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96 (11): 5995–6000. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5995T. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.5995. PMC 34218. PMID 10339530.
  6. ^ Laurance, W F; Sayer, J; Cassman, KG (2014). "Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 29 (2): 107–116. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.12.001. PMID 24388286.
  7. ^ Hart, A K; McMichael, P; Milder, J C; Scherr, Sara J (2015). "Multi-functional landscapes from the grassroots? The role of rural producer movements". Agriculture and Human Values. 33 (2): 305–322. doi:10.1007/s10460-015-9611-1. S2CID 153211771.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference SBSTTA report was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference GMS BLL was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference IINDC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference CIFOR landscapes pg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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