Langkasuka

Langkasuka
1st century–15th century
A suggestion of the reach of the kingdom of Langkasuka. Most scholars consider Langkasuka to be located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, but some argued for a kingdom that extended from the east to the west coast. Ligor refers to Nakhon Si Thammarat and Kataha is Kedah.
Religion	Hindu-Buddhist
Government	Monarchy
Raja
History
• Established	1st century
• Disestablished	15th century
Succeeded by Pattani Kingdom
Today part of	Malaysia Thailand Myanmar

Langkasuka was an ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula.^[1][2] The name is Sanskrit in origin; it is thought to be a combination of langkha for "resplendent land" -sukkha for "bliss". The kingdom, along with Old Kedah, is among the earliest kingdoms founded on the Malay Peninsula. The exact location of the kingdom is of some debate, but archaeological discoveries at Yarang near Pattani, Thailand suggest a probable location. The kingdom is proposed to have been established in the 1st century, perhaps between 80 and 100 AD.^[3]

According to the legend given in the Kedah Annals, the kingdom was founded and named by Merong Mahawangsa. Another proposal suggests that the name may have been derived from langkha and Ashoka, the Mauryan Hindu warrior king who eventually became a pacifist after embracing the ideals espoused in Buddhism, and that the early Indian colonizers of the Malayic Isthmus named the kingdom Langkasuka in his honour.^[4] Chinese historical sources provided some information on the kingdom and recorded a king Bhagadatta who sent envoys to the Chinese court.