Laughlin wavefunction

In condensed matter physics, the Laughlin wavefunction^[1][2] is an ansatz, proposed by Robert Laughlin for the ground state of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a uniform background magnetic field in the presence of a uniform jellium background when the filling factor of the lowest Landau level is ${\displaystyle \nu =1/n}$ where ${\displaystyle n}$ is an odd positive integer. It was constructed to explain the observation of the ${\displaystyle \nu =1/3}$ fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), and predicted the existence of additional ${\displaystyle \nu =1/n}$ states as well as quasiparticle excitations with fractional electric charge ${\displaystyle e/n}$, both of which were later experimentally observed. Laughlin received one third of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1998 for this discovery.