Lavo Kingdom

Lavo Kingdom
648–1388
Political entities in the Chao Phraya River Basin and the Kra Isthmus in the 6th–7th century
Map of mainland Southeast Asian polities c. 1000–1100 CE Cyan: Lavo Kingdom Red: Khmer Empire Green: Hariphunchai Kingdom Light green: Srivijaya Yellow: Champa Blue: Dai Viet Pink: Pagan Kingdom
Capital	Lopburi (before 1080s) Ayodhya (after 1080s)
Common languages	Old Mon Old Malay Old Khmer Old Thai
Religion	Buddhism (Mahayana, Theravada)
Government	Mandala kingdom
Monarch
• 648–700 CE (first)	Kalawandith
• 1052–1069	Chadachota
• 1340–1369	Ramathibodi I
• 1369–1388 (last)	Ramesuan
Historical era	Post-classical era
• Establishment	648
• Tambralinga vassal	927–946
• Fall of Ayodhyapura	946
• Destroyed by Angkor	1001
• Angkor vassal	946–1052
• Reclaimed by Suphannabhum/ Haripuñjaya	1052
• Ayodhya as capital (Xiān)	1082–1351
• Lavapura of Chaliang	1106–1181
• Lavapura of Angkor	1181–1218
• Lavapura of Phraek Si Racha	1218–1351
• Formation of Ayutthaya	1351
Preceded by Succeeded by Dvaravati Sukhothai Ayutthaya Khmer Empire Hariphunchai Chaliang

The Lavo Kingdom (Thai: อาณาจักรละโว้) was a political entity (mandala) on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River in the Upper Chao Phraya valley from the end of Dvaravati civilization, in the 7th century, until 1388. The original center of Lavo was Lavapura and was shifted to Ayodhya (Xiān) in the 1080s. However, since both Ayodhya or Xiān and Lavo separately sent embassies to the Chinese court in the late 1200s, these two polities were potentially individual states.

Before the 9th century, Lavo, together with other supra-regional settlements, such as Si Thep, Sema [th], Phimai, Nakhon Pathom, and others were the centers of the mandala-style polities of Dvaravati.^[1] Due to several circumstances, including climate changes and the invasions of the surrounding polities, several Dvaravati centers lost their prosperity, and the mandalas in the Menam Valley was then split into three groups:^[2]: 8 Lavo (modern Lopburi) to the east, which was more often in touch with the Angkorean and pre-Angkorean worlds,^[2]: 8 Suphannaphum (modern Suphanburi) to the west, which had more contact with the Mon and Malay worlds^{[2]: 8 [3]: 30} and the northern polities, which had more complexity in culture, ethnic, and linguistic than the aforementioned two polities.^[2]: 9 Meanwhile the Mun–Chi mandalas allied with Kambudesha in the Tonlé Sap basin.^[4]: 93