Back D/1770 L1 (Lexell) German Κομήτης του Λέξελ Greek D/1770 L1 (Lexell) Spanish D/1770 L1 (Lexell) French Kometo Lexell IO Cometa Lexell Italian レクセル彗星 Japanese Kometa Lexella Polish D/1770 L1 (Lexell) Portuguese Cometa Lexell Romanian
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Charles Messier |
| Discovery date | June 14, 1770 |
| Designations | |
| 1770 I, P/Lexell, Lexell's Comet | |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch | 1770-Aug-14 (JD 2367764.5)[2] |
| Aphelion | 5.6184 ± 0.0409 AU |
| Perihelion | 0.6746 ± 0.003 AU (before Jupiter encounter of 1779) |
| Semi-major axis | 3.1465 ± 0.0206 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.7856 ± 0.0013 |
| Orbital period | 5.58 years (2039 days) |
| Inclination | 1.550 ± 0.004° |
| 134.50 ± 0.12 | |
| Argument of periapsis | 224.98 ± 0.12 |
| Longitude of perihelion | 359.48 ± 0.24 |
| Last perihelion | August 14, 1770 |
| Next perihelion | unknown/Lost |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | ~4–30 km |
| Discovery[3] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | MLS |
| Discovery site | Mount Lemmon Obs. |
| Discovery date | May 6, 2010 |
| Designations | |
| (529668) 2010 JL33 | |
| 2010 JL33 D/1770 L1 (Lexell) (possibly) | |
| Apollo · NEO · PHA [3][4] | |
| Orbital characteristics [4] | |
| Epoch 2022-Aug-09 (JD 2459800.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 22.75 yr (8,309 d) |
| Earliest precovery date | 4 June 1997 |
| Aphelion | 4.649 AU |
| Perihelion | 0.70971 AU |
| 2.6793 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.73512 |
| 4.39 yr (1,601 d) | |
| 250.87° | |
| 0° 13m 28.56s / day | |
| Inclination | 5.3772° |
| 52.452° | |
| 2.32°[2] (good match for Lexell) | |
| 7 December 2023 | |
| 309.87° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.031 AU (12 LD) |
| Venus MOID | 0.00074 AU (110 thousand km)[3] |
| Mars MOID | 0.039 AU |
| Jupiter MOID | 0.84 AU |
| TJupiter | 2.911 |
| Physical characteristics[5] | |
| 1.778±0.034 km[6] | |
| 9.443±0.002 h[7] | |
| 0.047±0.009[6] | |
| 17.9[3] | |
D/1770 L1, popularly known as Lexell's Comet after its orbit computer Anders Johan Lexell, was a comet discovered by astronomer Charles Messier in June 1770.[note 1] It is notable for having passed closer to Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of only 0.015 astronomical units (2,200,000 km; 1,400,000 mi),[1][8][9] or six times the distance from the Earth to the Moon. The comet has not been seen since 1770 and is considered a lost comet.
Lexell's Comet's 1770 passing still holds the record of closest observed approach of Earth by a comet.[9] However, if approaches deduced from orbit calculations are included, it may have been beaten by a small sungrazing comet, P/1999 J6 (SOHO), which may have passed even closer at about 0.012 AU (1,800,000 km; 1,100,000 mi) from Earth on June 12, 1999,[10] but the uncertainties are around ±1.5 million km[11] as the P/1999 J6 approach was unobserved.[12]
- ^ a b Kronk, G. Cometography: D/1770 L1 (Lexell), accessed November 20, 2008.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Quan-ZhiYe2018was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
MPC-object-529668was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
jpldata-529668was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "ALCDEF: Asteroid Photometry Database". alcdef. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Mainzer-2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Blaauw-2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kronk, G. The Closest Approaches of Comets to Earth, accessed November 20, 20, 2008. It was thought that C/1491 B1 may have approached even closer on February 20, 1491, but its orbit was retracted in 2002 due to a misunderstanding of the records. See Approximate Orbits of Ancient and Medieval Comets: 3. Remarks and Discussion
- ^ a b "Closest Approaches to the Earth by Comets". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ^ "JPL Close-Approach Data: P/1999 J6 (SOHO)" (2010-04-22 last obs (arc=10.9 yr; JFC)). Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
J6was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sekanina, Zdenek; Chodas, Paul W. (December 2005). "Origin of the Marsden and Kracht Groups of Sunskirting Comets. I. Association with Comet 96P/Machholz and Its Interplanetary Complex" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 151 (2): 551–586. Bibcode:2005ApJS..161..551S. doi:10.1086/497374. S2CID 85442034. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
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