![]() Basava, 12th-century statesman, philosopher, poet and Lingayat saint | |
Founder | |
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Basava (1131–1167 CE) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Karnataka | 15,893,983[note 1][1] |
Maharashtra | 6,742,460[note 2][1] |
Telangana | 1,500,000[note 3][2] |
Religions | |
Lingayat | |
Scriptures | |
Vachana sahitya • Karana Hasuge • Basava purana • Shunyasampadane • Mantra Gopya • Siddhanta Shikhamani | |
Languages | |
Kannada • Marathi[3] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Kannadigas • Marathi[3] |
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Lingayatism |
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Lingayatism is a Lingayat denomination based on Universal.[4][5][6][web 1] Initially known as Lingayat s, since the 12th-century adherents of this faith are known as Lingayats.
Lingayatism is known for its unique practice of Ishtalinga worship, where adherents carry a personal linga symbolizing a constant, intimate relationship with Shiva.[7] A radical feature of Lingayatism is its staunch opposition to the caste system and advocacy for social equality, challenging societal norms of the time.[8] Its philosophical tenets are encapsulated in Vachanas, a form of devotional poetry.[9] The tradition also emphasizes Kayaka (work) and Dasoha (service) as forms of worship, underscoring the sanctity of labor and service to others.[10] Unlike mainstream Hinduism, Lingayatism rejects scriptural authority of vedas and puranas,[11] ritualistic practices, and the concept of rebirth, promoting a direct, personal experience of the divine.[12]
Lingayatism is generally considered a Hindu sect[13][web 1][note 4] because their beliefs include many Hindu elements.[14][note 5] Worship is centered on Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga.[15][6][note 6] Lingayatism emphasizes qualified monism, with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher Ramanuja.[web 1]
Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in South India, especially in the state of Karnataka.[6][16] Lingayats celebrate anniversaries (jayanti) of major religious leaders of their sect, as well as Hindu festivals such as Shivaratri and Ganesh Chaturthi.[17][18][19] Lingayatism has its own pilgrimage places, temples, shrines and religious poetry based on Shiva.[20] Today, Lingayats, along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers, Naths, Pashupatas, Kapalikas and others constitute the Shaivite population.[web 2][note 7]
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