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Since 1947, the Canadian Armed Forces have completed 72 international missions. More than 3,600 soldiers, sailors and Air Force personnel are deployed overseas on operational missions. On any given day, about 8,000 Canadian Armed Forces members Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Canadian Navy, and Canadian Army (one-third of the Canadian deployable force) are preparing for, engaged in or are returning from an overseas mission.[1]
Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image.[2][3] Canada has served in over 50 peacekeeping missions.[4] Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations (UN),[5][6] such as the Vietnam War or the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[5][6] Canada has faced controversy over its operations in some foreign countries, notably the 1993 Somalia affair.[7]
Since the 21st century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts greatly declined, with its military participation reallocated to UN-sanctioned operations through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).[8] This military reallocation resulted in a shift towards more militarized and deadly missions.[9] Canada's participation in the Afghanistan war (2001–2014) saw over 160 Canadian deaths, the largest for any single Canadian military mission since the Korean War in the early 1950s.[10][11]
Alongside many domestic obligations and a few ongoing peacekeeping missions, the Canadian Armed Forces are currently deployed in multiple foreign military operation.[12] Below is a list of all currently active and past Canadian Armed Forces operations both within Canada's borders and internationally.[13][12]
- ^ "Current operations list". National Defence. 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014.
- ^ Sorenson, David S.; Wood, Pia Christina (2005). The Politics of Peacekeeping in the Post-cold War Era. Psychology Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7146-8488-8.
- ^ Sobel, Richard; Shiraev, Eric; Shapiro, Robert (2002). International Public Opinion and the Bosnia Crisis. Lexington Books. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7391-0480-4.
- ^ Rudderham, M. A. (2008). "Canada and United Nations Peace Operations: Challenges, Opportunities, and Canada's Response". International Journal. 63 (2). [Sage Publications, Ltd., Canadian International Council]: 359–384. doi:10.1177/002070200806300210. ISSN 0020-7020. JSTOR 40204368.
- ^ a b Massie, Justin (30 April 2019). "Why Canada Goes to War: Explaining Combat Participation in US-led Coalitions". Canadian Journal of Political Science. 52 (3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 575–594. doi:10.1017/s0008423919000040. ISSN 0008-4239.
- ^ a b Mingst, K.; Karns, M.P. (2019). The United Nations In The Post-cold War Era, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-000-30674-3.
- ^ Farnsworth, Clyde H (27 November 1994). "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011.
- ^ Linda McQuaig (2010). Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire. Random House Digital. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-385-67297-9.
- ^ James, P.; Michaud, N.; O'Reilly, M. (2006). Handbook of Canadian Foreign Policy. Lexington Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7391-5580-6.
- ^ "Canada and the War in Afghanistan". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 11 September 2001. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
In total, 165 Canadians died during the war in Afghanistan (158 soldiers, 7 civilians). More than 2,000 members of the CAF were wounded or injured during the war.
- ^ Defence, National (30 August 2016). "Canada in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". Canada.ca. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b Defence, National (27 March 2024). "Current Operations and Combined Military Exercises list". Canada.ca. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Defence, National (27 March 2015). "Current operations list". www.canada.ca.
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