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A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term maréchaussée (lit. 'marshalcy') may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon.
Although pioneered in France, the concept of a gendarmerie was adopted by several other European nations during the Napoleonic Wars.[1] It remains an integral part of the military establishment in most Francophone states and territories.[1] A somewhat related phenomenon has been the formation of paramilitary units which fall under the authority of civilian police agencies. Since these are not strictly military forces, however, they are not considered gendarmeries.[2] 20 gendarmeries and 1 observer are part of the International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status (FIEP) as of 2024.[3] 7 EU states are part of the European Gendarmerie Force, with 1 partner and 1 observer.[4]
- ^ a b Lioe, Kim Eduard (3 December 2010). Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? - The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
- ^ Kumar, Kuldeep (14 April 2016). Police and Counterinsurgency: The Untold Story of Tripura's COIN Campaign (2016 ed.). SAGE Publications India. pp. 90–94. ISBN 978-9351507475.
- ^ "The Association - FIEP". fiep.org. International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "Members". eurogendfor.org. European Gendarmerie Force. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014.
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