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Since the 1970s, over 90 banks in the United States with US$1 billion or more in assets have failed. The list below is based on assets at the time of failure of banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.[1][2]
Bank | City | State | Year | Assets at time of failure | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation-adjusted (2023) | |||||
Washington Mutual | Seattle | Washington | 2008 | $307 billion | $434 billion | [3] |
First Republic Bank | San Francisco | California | 2023 | $229 billion | $229 billion | [4][5] |
Silicon Valley Bank | Santa Clara | California | 2023 | $209 billion | $209 billion | [6] |
Signature Bank | New York | New York | 2023 | $118 billion | $118 billion | [7] |
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust | Chicago | Illinois | 1984 | $40.0 billion | $117 billion | [3][8] |
First Republic Bank Corporation | Dallas | Texas | 1988 | $32.5 billion | $84 billion | [9] |
American Savings and Loan | Stockton | California | 1988 | $30.2 billion | $78 billion | |
Bank of New England | Boston | Massachusetts | 1991 | $21.7 billion | $49 billion | [9] |
IndyMac | Pasadena | California | 2008 | $32.0 billion | $45 billion | [10] |
MCorp | Dallas | Texas | 1989 | $18.5 billion | $45 billion | |
Gibraltar Savings and Loan | Simi Valley | California | 1989 | $15.1 billion | $37 billion | |
Colonial Bank | Montgomery | Alabama | 2009 | $25.0 billion | $36 billion | [11] |
First City National Bank | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $13.0 billion | $33 billion | |
HomeFed Bank | San Diego | California | 1992 | $12.2 billion | $26 billion | |
FBOP Corp banking subsidiaries | Oak Park | Illinois | 2009 | $18.4 billion | $26 billion | |
Southeast Bank | Miami | Florida | 1991 | $10.5 billion | $23 billion | |
City Federal Savings and Loan | Elizabeth | New Jersey | 1989 | $9.8 billion | $24 billion | |
Goldome | Buffalo | New York | 1991 | $9.9 billion | $22 billion | |
Imperial Federal Savings Assoc. | San Diego | California | 1990 | $9.6 billion | $22 billion | |
Franklin National Bank | New York | New York | 1974 | $3.7 billion | $23 billion | |
Great American Bank | San Diego | California | 1991 | $9.5 billion | $21 billion | |
CenTrust Bank | Miami | Florida | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $19 billion | |
Empire of America Savings | Buffalo | New York | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $19 billion | |
Guaranty Bank | Austin | Texas | 2009 | $13.0 billion | $18 billion | [12] |
Downey Savings and Loan | Newport Beach | California | 2008 | $12.8 billion | $18 billion | [5] |
BankUnited FSB | Coral Gables | Florida | 2009 | $12.8 billion | $18 billion | [12] |
AmTrust Bank | Cleveland | Ohio | 2009 | $12.0 billion | $17 billion | [5] |
WesternBank | Mayagüez | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $11.9 billion | $17 billion | |
Gibraltar Savings Association | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $6.5 billion | $17 billion | |
United Commercial Bank | San Francisco | California | 2009 | $11.2 billion | $16 billion | |
Crossland Savings Bank | Brooklyn | New York | 1992 | $7.4 billion | $16 billion | |
The Connecticut Bank & Trust Co. | Hartford | Connecticut | 1991 | $7.2 billion | $16 billion | |
MeraBank | Phoenix | Arizona | 1990 | $6.3 billion | $15 billion | |
Sunbelt Savings | Irving | Texas | 1991 | $6.0 billion | $13 billion | |
Western Savings and Loan | Phoenix | Arizona | 1989 | $5.7 billion | $14 billion | |
Columbia Savings & Loan Assn. | Beverly Hills | California | 1991 | $5.4 billion | $12 billion | |
Lincoln Savings and Loan Association | Irvine | California | 1989 | $4.9 billion | $12 billion | |
California National Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2009 | $7.8 billion | $11.1 billion | |
Corus Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2009 | $7.0 billion | $9.9 billion | [12] |
United States National Bank | San Diego | California | 1973 | $1.3 billion | $8.9 billion | [13] |
First Federal Bank of California | Santa Monica | California | 2009 | $6.1 billion | $8.7 billion | |
R-G Premier Bank of Puerto Rico | Hato Rey | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $5.9 billion | $8.2 billion | |
Doral Bank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2015 | $5.9 billion | $7.6 billion | [14] |
Franklin Bank | Houston | Texas | 2008 | $5.1 billion | $7.2 billion | |
Silverton Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $4.1 billion | $5.8 billion | |
Imperial Capital Bank | La Jolla | California | 2009 | $4.0 billion | $5.7 billion | |
PFF Bank & Trust | Pomona | California | 2008 | $3.7 billion | $5.2 billion | |
La Jolla Bank | La Jolla | California | 2010 | $3.6 billion | $5 billion | |
Frontier Bank | Everett | Washington | 2010 | $3.5 billion | $4.9 billion | |
First National Bank of Nevada | Reno | Nevada | 2008 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
Amcore Bank | Rockford | Illinois | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
Riverside National Bank of Florida | Fort Pierce | Florida | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $4.8 billion | |
Midwest Bank and Trust Company | Elmwood Park | Illinois | 2010 | $3.2 billion | $4.5 billion | |
First National Bank, also operating as The National Bank of El Paso | Edinburg | Texas | 2013 | $3.1 billion | $4.1 billion | [15] |
Superior Bank | Birmingham | Alabama | 2011 | $3.0 billion | $4.1 billion | [16] |
TierOne Bank | Lincoln | Nebraska | 2010 | $2.8 billion | $3.9 billion | |
Irwin Union Bank and Trust Company | Columbus | Indiana | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $3.8 billion | |
Orion Bank | Naples | Florida | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $3.8 billion | |
EuroBank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $2.6 billion | $3.6 billion | |
First Community Bank | Taos | New Mexico | 2011 | $2.3 billion | $3.1 billion | |
Integra Bank, N.A. | Evansville | Indiana | 2011 | $2.2 billion | $3 billion | |
ANB Financial | Bentonville | Arkansas | 2008 | $2.1 billion | $3 billion | |
First Regional Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $2.9 billion | |
ShoreBank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $2.9 billion | |
Silver State Bank | Henderson | Nevada | 2008 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
New Frontier Bank | Greeley | Colorado | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
Georgian Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $2.8 billion | |
Vineyard Bank | Rancho Cucamonga | California | 2009 | $1.9 billion | $2.7 billion | |
Peoples First Community Bank | Panama City | Florida | 2009 | $1.8 billion | $2.6 billion | |
County Bank | Merced | California | 2009 | $1.7 billion | $2.4 billion | |
Hillcrest Bank | Overland Park | Kansas | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
Advanta Bank Corp. | Draper | Utah | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
CF Bancorp | Port Huron | Michigan | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $2.2 billion | |
Mutual Bank | Harvey | Illinois | 2009 | $1.6 billion | $2.3 billion | |
Hamilton Bank | Miami | Florida | 2002 | $1.3 billion | $2.2 billion | |
Community Bank of Nevada | Las Vegas | Nevada | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
First Bank of Beverly Hills | Calabasas | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
Temecula Valley Bank | Temecula | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
New South Federal Savings Bank | Irondale | Alabama | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $2.1 billion | |
Community Banks of Colorado | Greenwood Village | Colorado | 2011 | $1.4 billion | $1.9 billion | |
Horizon Bank | Bellingham | Washington | 2010 | $1.3 billion | $1.8 billion | |
Premier Bank | Jefferson City | Missouri | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
Broadway Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
Security Bank of Bibb County | Macon | Georgia | 2009 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
Charter Bank | Santa Fe | New Mexico | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $1.7 billion | |
Alliance Bank | Culver City | California | 2009 | $1.1 billion | $1.6 billion | |
City Bank | Lynnwood | Washington | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
Columbia River Bank | The Dalles | Oregon | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
Community Bank and Trust | Cornelia | Georgia | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $1.5 billion | |
Integrity Bank | Alpharetta | Georgia | 2008 | $1.1 billion | $1.6 billion | |
Affinity Bank | Ventura | California | 2009 | $1.0 billion | $1.4 billion | |
Appalachian Community Bank | Ellijay | Georgia | 2010 | $1.0 billion | $1.4 billion |
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