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List of leaders of the TBVC states

A 1973 CIA map of Bantustans in the Republic of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia).

This article lists the leaders of the TBVC states, the four Bantustans which were declared nominally independent by the government of the Republic of South Africa during the period of apartheid, which lasted from 1948 to 1994. Their independence was not recognized outside South Africa.

The bantustans with nominal independence were namely: Transkei (1976),[a][1] Bophuthatswana (1977),[b][2][3] Venda (1979)[c][4] and Ciskei (1981),[d][5] hence the abbreviation TBVC.

The TBVC states were reintegrated into South Africa in the wake of the first post-apartheid general election in April 1994.[6]


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  1. ^ Henry Kamm (26 October 1976). "Transkei, a South African Black Area, Is Independent". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  2. ^ "South Africa Makes 2d Black Homeland Independent Nation". The New York Times. Reuters. 6 December 1977. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  3. ^ "An Empty Ceremony in South Africa". The New York Times. 6 December 1977. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  4. ^ "South Africa Starts a New Nation". The New York Times. UPI. 14 September 1979. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  5. ^ Joseph Lelyveld (4 December 1981). "CISKEI 'HOMELAND' DECLARED A SEPARATE NATION". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  6. ^ All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of section 1(2) and Schedule 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994.

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