List of monarchs of the Sasanian Empire

King of Kings of Iran
King of Kings of Iran
Imperial
	The Derafsh Kaviani, the legendary royal standard of the Sasanian monarchs
	Plate of a Sasanian king, located in the Azerbaijan Museum in Iran
Details
First monarch	Ardashir I (224–242)
Last monarch	Yazdegerd III (632–651)
Residence	Istakhr (224–226); Ctesiphon (226–637) (winter residence); Gundeshapur (briefly under Bahram I and Shapur II); Hamadan (as summer residence); Dastgerd (briefly Khosrow II's reign);
Appointer	Divine right, hereditary

The Sasanian monarchs were the rulers of Iran after their victory against their former suzerain, the Parthian Empire, at the Battle of Hormozdgan in 224. At its height, the Sasanian Empire spanned from Turkey and Rhodes in the west to Pakistan in the east, and also included territory in what is now the Caucasus, Yemen, UAE, Oman, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Central Asia.

The Sasanian Empire was recognized as one of the main powers in the world alongside its neighboring arch rival, the Roman Empire for a period of more than 400 years.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The Sasanian dynasty began with Ardashir I in 224, who was a Persian from Istakhr, and ended with Yazdegerd III in 651.^[5]

The period from 631 (when Boran died) to 632 (when Yazdgerd III takes the throne) is confusing in determining proper succession because a number of rulers who took the throne were later removed or challenged by other members of the House of Sasan. The period was one of factionalism and division within the Sasanian Empire.^[6]

^ "The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005), "Sasanian Dynasty", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 1, Columbia University Press
^ Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 ISBN 0827611552
^ International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 ISBN 075465740X
^ Daryaee 2012, p. 392.
^ Daryaee 2012, p. 201.

[1] "The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[EIr-Sasanian-2] Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005), "Sasanian Dynasty", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 1, Columbia University Press

[Norman_A._Stillman_pp_22-3] Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 ISBN 0827611552

[Byzantine_Studies_2006,_pp_29-4] International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 ISBN 075465740X

[FOOTNOTEDaryaee2012392-5] Daryaee 2012, p. 392.

[FOOTNOTEDaryaee2012201-6] Daryaee 2012, p. 201.

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