List of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu

The Bayandurids^[1] or the Tur-'Alids^[2] ruled over the Aq Qoyunlu confederation, that was founded by Tur Ali bin Pehlwan (1340-1360 C.E.), and was followed by his son Qutlugh bin Tur Ali (1360-1378/79 C.E.) and his grandson Uthman Beg respectively, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu state. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire, thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom. He eventually lost to the Ottoman Empire, weakening his kingdom. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into Safavid Iran.

^ William Marsden; Stephen Album (1977). Marsden's Numismata Orientalia Illustrata: A Guide to Islamic and Oriental Coins with Values. p. 145. The dynasty is also known as the Bayandurids because the ruling family derived from the Bayandur clan of the "White Sheep" Turkomans.
^ Woods, John E. (1999). The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. p. 34. ISBN 0-87480-565-1.

[1] William Marsden; Stephen Album (1977). Marsden's Numismata Orientalia Illustrata: A Guide to Islamic and Oriental Coins with Values. p. 145. The dynasty is also known as the Bayandurids because the ruling family derived from the Bayandur clan of the "White Sheep" Turkomans.

[2] Woods, John E. (1999). The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. p. 34. ISBN 0-87480-565-1.

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