Llama

Llama
Conservation status
	Domesticated
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Camelidae
Genus:	Lama
Species:	L. glama
Binomial name
	Lama glama; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Domestic llama and alpaca range
Synonyms
	Camelus glama Linnaeus, 1758

The llama (/ˈlɑːmə/; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈʎama] or [ˈʝama]) (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the pre-Columbian era.

Llamas are social animals and live with others as a herd. Their wool is soft and contains only a small amount of lanolin.^[2] Llamas can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. When using a pack, they can carry about 25 to 30% of their body weight for 8 to 13 km (5–8 miles).^[3] The name llama (in the past also spelled "lama" or "glama") was adopted by European settlers from native Peruvians.^[4]

The ancestors of llamas are thought to have originated from the Great Plains of North America about 40 million years ago, and subsequently migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America.^[3] As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America and over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas, descended from progenitors imported late in the 20th century, in the United States and Canada.^[5]

In Aymara mythology, llamas are important beings. The Heavenly Llama is said to drink water from the ocean and urinates as it rains.^[6] According to Aymara eschatology, llamas will return to the water springs and ponds where they come from at the end of time.^[6]

^ Daniel W. Gade, Nature and culture in the Andes, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1999, p. 104
^ Eveline. "Is Alpaca Wool Hypoallergenic? (Lanolin Free)". Yanantin Alpaca. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Llama". Oklahoma State University. 25 June 2007.
^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "llama"
^ South Central Llama Association (22 January 2009). "Llama Facts 2".
^ ^a ^b Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). "Llamas". Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos (in Spanish). Catalonia. p. 415. ISBN 978-956-324-375-8.

[1] Daniel W. Gade, Nature and culture in the Andes, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1999, p. 104

[2] Eveline. "Is Alpaca Wool Hypoallergenic? (Lanolin Free)". Yanantin Alpaca. Retrieved 16 October 2021.

[OK_State-3] "Llama". Oklahoma State University. 25 June 2007.

[4] Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "llama"

[Numbers-5] South Central Llama Association (22 January 2009). "Llama Facts 2".

[Sonia2015-6] Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). "Llamas". Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos (in Spanish). Catalonia. p. 415. ISBN 978-956-324-375-8.

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